Influence of a flavonoid (formononetin) on mycorrhizal activity and potato crop productivity in the highlands of Peru |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2133, USA;2. Dpto. de Suelos, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM), Apdo 456 La Molina, Lima 1, Peru;3. International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru;1. Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia;2. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nac. 36, Km. 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, X5804BYA, Argentina;3. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET-UNC), Av. Vélez Sársfield 1611, CC 495, X5000HVA, Córdoba, Argentina;1. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;2. Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA 95521, USA;3. Department of Botany & Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;4. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;1. Laboratoire de Biochimie, USCR Spectrométrie de Masse, LR-NAFS/LR12ES05 Nutrition-aliments fonctionnels et santé vasculaire, Faculté de Médecine, université de Monastir, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia;2. Institut de l’Olivier,Unité Spécialisée de Sousse, Rue Ibn Khaldoun, B.P.: 14, 4061 Sousse, Tunisia;3. Equipe Recherches Agronomiques, Agronutrition, 3 avenue de l’Orchidée, Parc Activestre, Carbonne 31390, France;1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, 50740-600 Recife, PE, Brazil;2. Agroscope, Federal Research Institute for Sustainability Sciences, Plant–Soil-Interactions, Reckenholzstrasse 191, CH-8046 Zürich, Switzerland;1. Universidade Federal de Lavras, DCS-Laboratório de Microbiologia do Solo, Caixa Postal 3037, CEP 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil;2. Embrapa Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, km 5, N°2600, CEP 68903-419, Macapá, AP, Brazil;3. Embrapa Agrobiologia, Rodovia BR 465, km 7, Seropédica, RJ, CEP: 23891-000, Brazil;4. Vale Technological Institute-Mining, Rua Antonio de Albuquerque, 271 9° andar, 30112010 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Mycorrhizal fungi serve as biofertilizers, reduce plant stress, and can increase plant productivity. Since the potato originated from the highlands of Peru and Bolivia, a goal of this research was to utilize indigenous Peruvian mycorrhizal populations to enhance crop productivity in a subsistence production site. The field study was also conducted to test the effectiveness of the flavonoid, formononetin, to stimulate native mycorrhizal activity and subsequent yield of six Andean potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars. The subsistence site was located at an altitude of 3900 m (61 kPa) in San Jose de Aymara (Department of Huancavelica), in the central highlands of Peru. This is approaching the highest altitude in the world that potatoes are grown. The site had a sandy–loam soil with pH 3.6, low phosphorus (P) availability and high aluminum (Al). Tubers were planted in November 1999, and grown during the rainy season. Minimal organic fertilizer was applied and the potato crop received no supplementary irrigation. Formononetin was applied as a soil drench when shoots from tubers began to emerge. At the end of the 6.5 month study, formononetin increased either potato tuber dry mass and/or Nos. 1 and 2 grade tubers in three of the six cultivars. Soil sporulation of indigenous mycorrhizae was increased more than three-fold by formononetin. There were differences in total mycorrhizal colonization among the six cultivars. The predominant arbuscular mycorrhiza genera at the site were Gigaspora, Glomus and Scutellosporas. |
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