Assessing the irrigation strategies over a wide geographical area from structural data about farming systems |
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| Institution: | 1. INRA, UMR 1248 ARCHE, BP27, 31326 Castanet Tolosan Cedex, France;2. INRA, Unité de Biométrie et Intelligence Artificielle, BP27, 31326 Castanet Tolosan Cedex, France;1. INRA, UMR 791 Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 16 rue Claude Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France;2. AgroParisTech, UMR 791 Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 16 rue Claude Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France;3. UNIP, 11 rue de Monceau, CS 60003, F-75008 Paris, France;1. University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany;2. ESA/ESTEC, 2201 AZ Noordwijk ZH, The Netherlands;3. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;4. Chair of Astronautics, TU Munich, Germany;5. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, Vicolo dell'' Osservatorio 3, 35122 Padova, Italy;6. Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, UMR 7326, CNRS & Aix Marseille Université, 13388 Cedex 13 Marseille, France;7. Centro de Astrobiologia, CSIC-INTA, 28850 Madrid, Spain;8. International Space Science Institute, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;9. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden;10. PAS Space Research Center, 00716 Warszawa, Poland;11. Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;12. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, M/S 183-301, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA;13. LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France;14. LATMOS, CNRS/UVSQ/IPSL, 11 Boulevard d''Alembert, 78280 Guyancourt, France;15. Centro di Ateneo di Studi ed Attività Spaziali “Giuseppe Colombo” (CISAS), University of Padova, via Venezia 15, 35131 Padova, Italy;p. INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell''Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy;q. CNR-IFN UOS Padova LUXOR, Via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy;r. Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Venezia 1, 35131 Padova, Italy;s. INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy;t. Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, UMR 7326, 38 rue Frédéric Joliot-Curier, 13388 Marseille, France;u. Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (CSIC), c/ Glorieta de la AstronomÌa s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain;v. Deutsches Zentrum für Luft‐ und Raumfahrt (DLR) , Institut für Planetenforschung, Rutherfordstrasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany;w. Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, 300 Chung-Da Rd, Chung-Li 32054, Taiwan;x. Space Science Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China;y. Institut für Geophysik und extraterrestrische Physik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstrasse 3, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany;z. Operations Department, European Space Astronomy Centre/ESA, P.O. Box 78, 28691 Villanueva de la Canada, Madrid, Spain;11. Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;12. Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;13. Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;14. University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123, Trento, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Accurate estimation of regional water demand by agriculture, mainly consumed by farmers for irrigation, is a key requirement for water management. It depends on the farmers’ irrigation practices which itself depend on the farmers’ irrigation strategies. Describing irrigation strategies over a region is rather difficult due to the large number and the diversity of farmers. We seek whether it is possible to characterise irrigation strategies from easily accessible farm characteristics data at the regional scale. For that purpose, we investigated the relationships between maize irrigation strategies and three farming sub-systems: the production system, the water resource system and the irrigation equipment system.Based on a 56-farmers survey of maize irrigation strategies carried out in two different areas in south-western France, we firstly created typologies from the three farming sub-systems and from irrigation strategies and, in a second step, analysed the links between the different typologies. Multivariate analyses, cluster analyses, linear regressions and regression trees were used for that purpose.Only two types of irrigation strategies were found that could not be fully explained by the three sub-systems typologies. However, the theoretical irrigation capacity explains a part of the irrigation strategies. Such data can be obtained at a wide geographical scale from administrative data bases.Strategic management of irrigation is similar amongst farmers in a given area while more operational actions differ from farmer to farmer. Standardisation of strategies due to county-based advice is then discussed. |
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