授高油玉米花粉对普通玉米子粒胚乳细胞增殖及灌浆特性的影响

以高油115为授粉者,与2个普通玉米杂交种进行杂交,用Richards模型拟合胚乳细胞增殖过程和子粒灌浆过程,以胚和胚乳的贡献率、胚乳细胞增殖参数、子粒灌浆参数和子粒的充实状况来评价授高油玉米花粉对普通玉米粒重的影响。结果表明,授高油玉米花粉后普通玉米粒重有增有减,主要原因是胚乳重量的增加或减少所致。增产组合(ND108×HOC115)与自交相比粒重增加的部分中胚乳的贡献率为70.51%;减产组合(LY20×HOC115)与自交相比粒重降低的部分中胚乳的贡献率为-85.46%。增产组合(ND108×HOC115)起始分裂势(R_o)增加、最大增殖速率(G_max)升高、胚乳细胞增殖速率最大时胚乳细胞数(W_max)增多、平均增殖速率(G_average)增加、胚乳细胞活跃分裂期(D)缩短;减产组合(LY20×HOC115)则表现出相反的趋势。通过增加胚乳细胞数量和提高胚乳质量是进一步提高授高油玉米花粉后普通玉米产量的根本途径。

Effects of High Oil Corn Pollen on Endosperm Cell Proliferation and Grain Filling of Normal Corn

A field trial was conducted to reveal the process of endosperm cell proliferation and grain filling of the normal corn pollinated with the pollen of high oil corn and their relationships with grain weight. Two normal corn hybrids were pollinated with the pollen of the hybrid HOC115(high oil corn 115) compared with normal corn self-pollination. Embryos and endosperm contribution ratio, endosperm cell proliferation parameter, grain filling parameter and endosperm cell filling parameter were used to reveal the impacts of high oil corn pollen on common corn grain weight. The process of endosperm cell proliferation and the process of the grain filling were simulated by Richards'model. The weights of some normal corn grains increased after being pollinated by high oil corn pollen and some decreased. The primary reason was the increasing or decreasing of the endosperm weight. Among the yield increasing group of ND108×HOC115, the endosperm contribution ratio of the grain weight increasing was 70.51% and among the yield decreasing group of LY20×HOC115 the endosperm contribution ratio of the grain weight decreasing was -85.46% compared with normal corn self-pollination. The Ro, Gmax, Wmax and Gaverage of the yield increasing group of ND108×HOC115 were higher while D was shorter. The yield decreasing group of LY20×HOC115 showed the contrary trend. The endosperm xenia was the main reason for the changes of grain weight. The changes of the endosperm cell number caused the changes of endosperm weight. So increasing the number of endosperm cell and improving endosperm weight were a viable way to further improve the yields of the normal corn pollinated by high oil corn pollen.