基于叶、皮、材兼用的高密度杜仲栽培模式研究

杜仲是我国十分重要的国家战略资源。为了探索基于叶、皮、材兼用的杜仲高效栽植模式,以‘华仲1号’杜仲良种为研究对象,连续6年对6种高密度栽植模式的杜仲生物量进行了测定与分析。结果表明:不同林龄、密度和留侧枝数量对杜仲生物量的影响均显著。由于皮、叶、材兼用的高密度建园模式每年都要收割其地上部分,故初植密度对其整体生物量积累的影响较大。建园密度小、留侧枝数量少,单个侧枝生长量较大,但其单位面积的经济产量却相对较低;而建园密度大,单个侧枝生长量相对较小,但其单位面积的经济产量却相对较高。适于叶、皮、材兼用的杜仲高密度栽植模式为:宽窄双行栽植,宽行行距1.0 m,窄行行距0.5 m,株距0.5 m,每株留侧枝4个,建园第6年杜仲的平均产叶量达到15.77 t·hm~(-2),叶片和树皮的总产胶量达到0.56 t·hm~(-2),平均木材产量达到22.01 t·hm~(-2)。采用基于叶、皮、材兼用的高密度杜仲栽培模式,大幅度地提高了杜仲的生物量,还将有效促进杜仲叶、皮及木材的综合开发及利用,提高杜仲产品的附加值,降低杜仲橡胶的提取成本,获得较高的经济收益。

Exploration for high density cultivation models for harvesting leaf,bark and wood in Eucommia ulmoides

Eucommia ulmoides is an important national strategy resource in China. To explore high-efficient cultivation model for harvesting leaf, bark and wood in E. ulmoides, using the improved variety ‘Huazhong No. 1’ as experiment materials, biomasses in six high density cultivation models were determined and analyzed in 6 consecutive years. The results indicated that the biomass was significantly impacted by plant age, density and lateral branch number. The biomass accumulation was mostly influenced by the initial density because of the annually harvesting of the parts over ground in high density cultivation models. The economic benefit per unit area was relatively lower when the low density and fewer lateral branches, but the biomass of single lateral branch was higher. However, the economic benefit per unit area was higher when the higher density and more lateral branches, but the biomass of single lateral branch was lower. The optimal cultivation model for biomass accumulation of leaves, barks and wood was planting in 0.5 m of narrow row and 1.0 m of wide row alternately with spacing 0.5 m, leaving 4 lateral branches after reaping. After planting for 6 years, the average yield of leaves was 15.77 t?hm - 2, the rubber yield from leaves and barks was 0.56 t?hm - 2 and the average wood yield reached to 22.01 t?hm - 2. It was concluded that the biomass could be greatly enhanced, the comprehensive development and utilization of leaf, bark and wood could be effectively promoted, the additional value of E. ulmoides production could be enhanced and the cost of extracting E. ulmoides rubber could be reduced, and higher economic benefits would be obtain through the high density cultivation model.