太行山核桃林药材间作试验

太行山核桃林分布广泛,林下土地空闲率高,光照条件良好,适宜间种多种经济作物,林药间作成为理想的经营模式。为了筛选适宜的药材种类,引进射干、知母、桔梗、菊花、瓜蒌、天南星、黄芩、荆芥、土贝母、土木香和丹参共11种中药材,在河北省涉县索堡乡南沟村的核桃林地进行了间种栽培试验,对其生物生态学习性和物候期进行了调查与分析,并针对引种地春季干旱的气候条件,以降低核桃与药材间的竞争强度和提高林地收益为目标,选择育苗难易程度、抗旱性、株高、根系分布深度和经济效益这5项指标进行了综合评价。结果表明:土贝母、知母、菊花、射干、桔梗这5种药材适宜在核桃结果初期(核桃树龄为10~12 a)间种,而荆芥、丹参、土木香这3种药材适宜在核桃幼树期(核桃树龄为3~4 a)种植。

Intercropping experiment of medicinal herbs in walnut forest at Taihang mountains

There are much walnut forest at Taihang mountains. Most of the lands in walnut forest is not full used, and have good light conditions. It is suitable for intercropping planting. In order to screen the suitable medicinal herbs, total 11 kinds of medicinal herbs were introduced in walnut forest for intercropping experiment, such as Belamcanda chinensis, platycodon grandiflorus, and so on. The biological and ecological characteristics and phenology were observed and analyzed. Aimed at decreasing the competitive intensity between walnut tree and medicinal herbs and increasing economic income under the dry climate conditions in spring, seedling difficulty, drought resistance, plant height, root distribution depth and economic income were comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that Dendranthema morifolium, B. chinensis, platycodon grandiflorus, Rhizoma bolbostematis and Anermarhena asphodeloides were suitable varieties planted at early fruit-bearing period of walnut trees (10-12 a), and Nepeta cataria, Elecampane inula and Salvia miltiorrhiza were suitable varieties planted in young walnut forest (3-4 a).