新疆野生山楂资源遗传多样性及亲缘关系的ISSR分析

为给新疆野生山楂资源的保护与利用提供理论依据和技术支持,采取新疆3种野生山楂共计63份材料,利用ISSR标记技术,对其遗传多样性和亲缘关系进行分析。结果表明,12条引物共扩增出233条带,其中多态性条带221条,多态性位点率为94.4%,平均每个引物获得19.42个扩增带。POPGENE1.32分析结果表明:3种野生山楂材料的多态性位点率、观测等位基因数、有效等位基因数、Nei’s基因多样性和Shannon信息指数,均为准噶尔山楂最高,阿尔泰山楂次之,红果山楂最低。3种新疆野生山楂进行两两比较,其Nei’s遗传相似度为0.862 2~0.904 4,平均值为0.890 2;遗传距离为0.100 5~0.148 3,平均值为0.1166。3种野生山楂中,准噶尔山楂存在较为丰富的遗传变异,其次是阿尔泰山楂,红果山楂的遗传变异较小。阿尔泰山楂和红果山楂的亲缘关系较近;准噶尔山楂和红果山楂间亲缘关系较远。

Analysis of genetic diversity and genetic relationship of wild hawthorn resources in Xinjiang by ISSR markers

In order to provide some theoretical basis and technical support for protection and utilization of wild hawthorn resources, genetic diversity and genetic relationship of 63 samples from three varieties of wild hawthorn resources in Xinjiang were analyzed by ISSR molecular marker technology. The results showed that 233 bands were ampliifed with 12 primers by the ISSR-PCR ampliifcation, in which had 221 polymorphism bands, percent of polymorphism loci was 94.4%, and average 19.42 polymorphism bands were ampliifed by every primer. The results of analysis by the software of POPGENE1.32 showed that percentage of polymorphic loci, observed number of alleles, effective number of alleles, Nei’s genetic diversity and Shannon information index of Junggar hawthorn were higher than other two kinds of wild hawthorn, and the indexes of Crabapple hawthorn were lower than Junggar hawthorn and Altai hawthorn. The Nei’s genetic identities of three kinds of wild hawthorn were 0.862 2-0.904 4, and the average value was 0.890 2. The genetic distances of three kinds of wild hawthorn were 0.100 5-0.148 3, and the average value was 0.116 6. In the three kinds of wild hawthorn, genetic variation of Junggar hawthorn were more rich than the others, followed by Altai hawthorn, and Crabapple hawthorn had the less genetic variation. The genetic relationship between Altai hawthorn and Crabapple hawthorn was closer, but that was farther between Crabapple hawthorn and Junggar hawthorn.