树龄及管理措施对新疆核桃园土壤化学性质的影响

为制定合理的核桃园管理制度,以新疆林业科学院佳木试验站6个核桃园为对象,研究了不同树龄及管理措施对核桃园土壤化学性质的影响。结果表明:土壤有机质和速效氮含量以树龄最高且不施肥的1号核桃园最高,其值分别为23.97和86.67 mg/kg;土壤全氮和全磷含量以施肥量最高且采用免耕法的5号核桃园最高,其值分别为1.13和0.82 g/kg;土壤速效磷及全钾含量以树龄及施肥量较高且采用落叶覆盖的3号核桃园最高,其值分别为61.5和62.59 g/kg;土壤速效钾含量以施肥量最高且采用少耕法的4号核桃园最高,其值为158.93 mg/kg。基于隶属函数法的土壤肥力质量综合指数评价结果显示,6个核桃园土壤质量综合指数由大到小依次为5号(0.81)、1号(0.71)、4号(0.56)、3号(0.37)、6号(0.20)、2号(0.02);基于主成分分析法的土壤质量评价结果显示,6个核桃园综合排名为:5号(1.97)、1号(1.02)、4号(0.31)、3号(0.10)、6号(-1.44)、2号(-2.10)。2种评价方法结果一致,且土壤质量与有机质含量基本呈正相关。从土壤质量来看,高施肥量及免耕法的管理措施较利于土壤持续利用,其次落叶覆盖的无人为干扰的树龄最高的核桃园土壤质量也较好。

Effects of tree-age and management measures on soil chemical properties of walnut orchards in Xinjiang

In order to establish a set of reasonable management system for walnut orchards, the effects of different ages and management measures on soil chemical properties of walnut orchards were studied at experiment station of Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences in six walnut orchards. The results showed that the soil of the No.1 walnut orchard with the highest tree-age and without fertilization had the highest contents of soil organic matters (23.97 g/kg) and available nitrogen (86.67 mg/kg). The soil of the No.5 walnut orchard with the highest fertilizer amount and applying no-tillage method had the highest contents of total nitrogen (1.13 g/kg) and total phosphorus (0.82 g/kg). The soil of the No.3 walnut orchard with higher tree-age, fertilizer amount and covered with defoliated leaves had the highest available phosphorus (61.5 mg/kg) and total potassium content (62.59 g/kg). The soil of the No.4 walnut orchard with highest fertilizer amount and minimum-tillage had the highest available potassium content (158.93 mg/kg). The results of soil fertility comprehensive index evaluation by subordinate function methods showed that the order of the six walnut orchards based on soil quality comprehensive from high to low was No.5 orchard (0.81), No.1 orchard (0.71), No.4 orchard (0.56), No.3 orchard (0.37), No.6 orchard (0.20), No.2 orchard (0.02). The results of soil quality evaluation by principal component analysis method showed that the comprehensive order of the six walnut orchards from high to low was No.5 orchard (1.97), No.1 orchard (1.02), No.4 orchard (0.31), No.3 orchard (0.10), No.6 orchard (-1.44), No.2 orchard (-2.10).The results of the two evaluation methods were consistent and soil quality was positively correlated with organic matter content in soil. In terms of soil quality, The measures of higher fertilizer amount and no-tillage were more advantageous to sustainable use of soil, and the walnut orchard covered with defoliated leaves, with highest tree age and without human interference, had better soil quality.