昆虫病原真菌致病寄主的机制和基因工程改良

摘要：随着大量施用化学农药所造成的环境污染等问题日益突出，真菌杀虫剂的研究和开发受到了广泛的关注。由于存在击倒昆虫时间较长、对环境条件要求高等缺点，昆虫病原真菌的广泛应用受到限制。因此，有必要弄清昆虫病原真菌致病寄主过程的遗传学和分子生物学机理，找出控制毒力的主效基因。在此基础上，利用基因工程和细胞工程等技术提高菌株毒力，创造出更适合市场需要的真菌杀虫剂。文章重点介绍了近年来有关昆虫病原真菌致病机理的研究进展，包括侵染寄主过程中附着胞的形成、降解昆虫体壁的分子机理和昆虫病原真菌的毒素等。同时，还介绍了昆虫病原真菌的遗传转化方法和基因工程改良的一些新进展。

Mechanism of Fungal Pathogenesis in Insect and Strain Improvement by Gene Engineering

Abstract: With the increasing of widely polluted environmental concerns and health risks associated with the use of synthetic chemical insecticides, research and development of mycoinsecticide have been paid much attention to. However, there are some barriers to exploit entomopathogenic fungi further because of their poor performance in field. In order to widen the acceptance of mycoinsecticide products in market, the molecular biology basis of fungal pathogenesis in insect should be elucidated to identify important virulent genes, which could be then used to improve the strain performance by genetic engineering. In this paper, molecular basis of appresorium formation, cuticle degrading and the role of toxins in fungal pathogenesis in insect were introduced. Meanwhile, the gene transferring methods and its usage in strain improvement of entomopathogenic fungi were also summarized.