布氏白僵菌的研究与应用

对７０年代以来布氏白僵菌的生物学、致病性、生理生化特性等基因研究以及该菌的规模征税和田间防治应用地综述。目前已发现该菌能寄生７个目的７０种昆虫，特别对鞘翅目害虫具有独特寄生效果，已在林区、农田、草地、果园中用于防治各种金龟子和天牛。在法国、瑞士等地，用布氏白僵菌连续多年防治林区的西方五月鳃金龟，取得了令人瞩目的防治效果和生态效果，日本用该菌防治杉树天牛、我国用该菌防治农田及苗圃蛴螬都取得明显成效。

A REVIEW OF THE RESEARCHES AND APPLICATIONS OF BRONGNIART'S WHITE MUSCARDINE FUNGUS BEAUVERIA BRONGNIARTII PETCH

The situations of basic researches on biology, pathogenicity and physiological and biochemical characteristics, etc. and mass production and field application for bio-control of Brongniart''s white muscardine fungus Beauveria brongniartii Petch since 1970s were reviewed. It was already found that this fungus can parasitize 70 species of insects, belong to 7 orders, in which the parasitism on coleopterous insects are most effective, and it has been used so far in farmland, grassland, forest land and orchard against scarabaeid- and longicorn-beetles. In a number of European countries such as France and Swiss, people have continuously used B. brongniartii for many years to control Melolontha melolontha in forest land and got high control efficacies and good ecological benefits. In Japan, this fungus was used against white spotted longicorn beetle Anoplophora malasiaca Thomson on China fir; and in China, it was used to control farmland and nursery grubs such as Holotrichia oblita (Faldermann) and H. parallela Motchulsky, all the results were evident and beneficial. Mass production of this fungus was achieved,the content of blastospore/conidium in the product could be up to 3-5×10¹⁰ spores/g. Nevertheless, the formulation is still imperfect, and the product can not be stored under room temperature for a long time. Further researches are necessary to clarify the regularity of epidemic and enhance the quality of product for making this bio-control agent practical.