元阳梯田黑光灯诱集昆虫群落多样性及其评价方法研究

 为了探明云南元阳梯田昆虫群落物种多样性，进一步明确不同生物多样性指数在较大空间尺度多样性评价中的应用，于2007—2008年，采用黑光灯诱集法对元阳梯田昆虫群落进行调查，运用可识别分类单元法进行昆虫群落物种快速分类鉴定，并对比Simpson指数、Shannon指数、Fisher多样性参数α和群落中性理论多样性参数θ对元阳梯田黑光灯诱集主要昆虫群落多样性评价间的差异。结果表明：（1）元阳梯田黑光灯诱集的昆虫群落物种较丰富，2007年和2008年分别诱集昆虫14目539种12460头和12目576种20920头。（2）Fisher多样性参数α和中性理论多样性参数θ的区分度较高，且对该区域黑光灯诱集的鳞翅目、鞘翅目和膜翅目昆虫群落物种多样性评价结果较相似。而Simpson和Shannon指数的区分度较低，对该区域内黑光灯诱集的主要昆虫群落多样性评价结果与其他多样性参数的评价结果不完全一致，甚至Simpson和Shannon指数的评价结果间相互矛盾。由此表明，Fisher多样性参数α和中性理论多样性参数θ更适用于黑光灯诱集的大尺度昆虫群落物种多样性评价。

Study on the Species Diversity and Assessment of Black light Trapped Insect Community in Yuanyang Terrace

In order to make clear the species diversity of insect community in Yuanyang terrace and compare different diversity indexes, including Simpson index, Shannon index, Fisher’s α and biodiversity parameter θ from community neutral theory, a case on the composition and diversity of insects trapped by black light was studied in Yunnan Yuanyang terrace from 2007 to 2008. Firstly, the recognizable taxonomic unit (RTUs) approach was applied to identify the trapped samples in lab. Secondly, the traditional diversity indexes, Simpson index, Shannon index and Fisher’s α were compared with neutral theory diversity parameterθ based on the black light trapped insect community of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera in 2007 and 2008 in Yuanyang terrace. The results showed: (1) Black light trapped insect species are rich in Yuanyang terrace. There are totally 12460 insects from 14 orders 539 species and 20920 insects from12 orders 576 species trapped by black light in Yuanyang terrace in 2007 and 2008, respectively. (2) The diversity assessment result of Fisher’s αdiversity index and neutral theory diversity index θ on three main insect communities, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera was similar, while the diversity assessment result of traditional Simpson index and Shannon index was conflicted. The diversity index values of Fisher’s α and neutral theory diversity index θ were easier to be districted among different communities and different years than the values of traditional Simpson index and Shannon index. Conclusively, Fisher’s α diversity index and neutral theory diversity index θ were better to describe the diversity features for the black light trapped insect communities in Yuanyang terrace landscape.