反刍家畜瘤胃及肠道微生物研究进展

反刍家畜瘤胃及肠道微生物处于一个复杂的微生态系统,其多样性及营养代谢与该系统中的各项因素存在紧密联系。了解反刍家畜瘤胃及肠道微生物多样性变化和营养代谢机制,是通过人为干预手段改善动物福利、提高动物生产效率、提升动物产品质量、减少温室气体排放的基础。关于反刍动物瘤胃及肠道微生物多样性及营养代谢与单个环境因子的关系得到了广泛的研究并取得了一些进展,对指导生产实践和保护环境起到了一定作用。综述了近年来国内外反刍家畜瘤胃及肠道微生物多样性,以及微生物与宿主动物、日粮结构、环境因子相互作用及机制方面的研究进展,以期为探索瘤胃及肠道微生物在反刍动物营养代谢中的作用及其机制提供参考。

Research Advances on Ruminal and Intestinal Microorganisms in Ruminants

The ruminal and intestinal microorganisms in ruminants are in a complex microecosystem, and their diversity and nutritional metabolism are closely related to various factors in this system. Understanding the diversity variations and nutritional metabolism mechanisms of ruminal and intestinal microorganisms in ruminants is an important basis for improving animal welfare, animal production efficiency and animal product quality as well as reducing greenhouse gas emissions by human intervention. The relationship between diversity and nutritional metabolism of ruminal and intestinal microorganisms in ruminants and the individual environmental factor has been extensively studied and some advances have been achieved, which plays a certain role in guiding production practice and protecting the environment. This paper reviews the research advances on diversity of ruminal and intestinal microorganisms in ruminants in China and abroad in recent years, as well as interactions and corresponding mechanisms between microorganisms and host animals, diet structures and environmental factors, in hoping to provide references for exploring the roles and mechanisms of ruminal and intestinal microorganisms in nutritional metabolism in ruminants.