不同形式补铁补硒对仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标、免疫性能的影响

[目的] 比较母猪和仔猪不同形式的补铁补硒对仔猪生产性能、血液生化指标、免疫性能的影响。[方法] 将32头母猪随机分为8组,每组4头,1~4组基础日粮中添加硫酸亚铁和亚硒酸钠,5~8组基础日粮中添加甘氨酸螯合铁和硒代蛋氨酸。2组和6组母猪所产仔猪于3日龄肌注铁硒合剂;3组和7组仔猪基础日粮中添加硫酸亚铁和亚硒酸钠;4组和8组仔猪基础日粮中添加甘氨酸螯合铁和硒代蛋氨酸;1组和5组仔猪饲喂基础日粮,不接受任何形式的补铁补硒。母猪预产期前30 d开始饲喂试验日粮,仔猪7日龄时开始饲喂试验日粮,试验至仔猪21日龄断奶结束。测定并比较不同组别仔猪生长性能指标、血液生化指标以及免疫性能指标,以及不同组别母猪初乳和常乳中的铁硒含量。[结果] 在仔猪补铁补硒形式相同的条件下,母猪基础日粮中添加甘氨酸螯合铁和硒代蛋氨酸（5~8组）与基础日粮中补充硫酸亚铁和亚硒酸钠（1~4组）相比,能够显著（P<0.05）或极显著（P<0.01）提高仔猪的初生重、断奶重、断奶存活率、断奶合格率,2日龄和21日龄血浆铁含量、血浆硒含量、血红蛋白含量、血浆转铁蛋白含量、IgA含量、IgG含量、IgM含量,以及母猪初乳和常乳中的铁硒含量;在2种形式的母猪补铁补硒条件下,与不补铁补硒相比,仔猪不同补铁补硒形式（2~4组和6~8组）对其断奶重、断奶存活率、断奶合格率,以及21日龄血浆铁含量、血浆硒含量、血红蛋白含量、血浆转铁蛋白含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性、IgA含量、IgG含量、IgM含量均有极显著（P<0.01）的提高作用,并且仔猪基础日粮中添加甘氨酸螯合铁和硒代蛋氨酸的效果优于肌注铁硒合剂和基础日粮中补充硫酸亚铁和亚硒酸钠。[结论] 母猪和仔猪基础日粮中添加甘氨酸螯合铁和硒代蛋氨酸,能有效提升仔猪的生长性能、血液生化指标和免疫性能。

Effects of Different Forms of Iron and Selenium Supplementation on Growth Performance,Blood Biochemical Parameters and Immune Performance of Piglets

[Objective]To investigate the effects of different forms of iron and selenium supplementation for sows and piglets on growth performance,blood biochemical parameters and immune performance of piglets.[Method]Thirty-two sows were randomly divided into 8 groups with 4 individuals in each group.The sows in groups 1-4 received the dietary supplementation of ferrous sulfate and sodium selenite,and those in groups 5-8 received the dietary supplementation of iron glycine chelate and selenomethionine.The piglets produced by sows in groups 2 and 6 were intramuscularly injected with iron and selenium mixture on the 3rd day after birth,those in groups 3 and 7 received the dietary supplementation of ferrous sulfate and sodium selenite,and those in groups 4 and 8 received the dietary supplementation of iron glycine chelate and selenomethionine.The piglets in groups 1 and 5 fed a basal diet and received no supplementation of iron and selenium.Sows were fed with the experimental diets from the 30th day before the expected date of delivery,and piglets were fed with the experimental diets from the 7th day after birth.The experiment was finished on the day of weaning of the piglets(21th day after birth).The growth performance indexes,blood biochemical parameters and immune function indicators of the piglets in different groups were determined and statistically analyzed,and the contents of iron and selenium in colostrum and normal milk of the sows were statistically compared.[Result]Based on the same form of iron and selenium supplementation for piglets,compared with the dietary supplementation of ferrous sulfate and sodium selenite(groups 1-4)for sows,the dietary supplementation of iron glycinate chelate and selenomethionine(groups 5-8)in the basal diet of sows significantly(P<0.05)or extremely significantly(P<0.01)elevated the birth weight,weaning weight,weaning survival rate,weaning qualification rate of the piglets,increased the contents of plasma iron,plasma selenium,hemoglobin,plasma transferrin,IgA,IgG and IgM of the piglets at 2 and 21 days of age,and improved the contents of iron and selenium in sows′colostrum and normal milk.In both forms of iron and selenium supplementation for sows,compared with no supplementation of iron and selenium,different forms of iron and selenium supplementation(groups 2-4 compared with group 1,groups 6-8 compared with group 5)for piglets extremely significantly(P<0.01)increased the weaning weight,weaning survival rate and weaning qualification rate of the piglets,and also extremely significantly(P<0.01)elevated the contents or activity of plasma iron,plasma selenium,hemoglobin,plasma transferrin,glutathione peroxidase,IgA,IgG and IgM of the piglets at 21 days of age.In addition,the dietary supplementation of iron glycine chelate and selenomethionine for piglets had better performance than the other two forms of iron and selenium supplementation for the piglets.[Conclusion]Dietary supplementation of iron glycine chelate and selenomethionine for sows and piglets effectively improves growth performance,blood biochemical parameters and immune performance of piglets.