伊朗喀山与我国新疆吐鲁番坎儿井对比研究

坎儿井是一种古老的地下水利灌溉工程,在全球都有广泛分布,是目前仍在延续利用的活的文化遗产。本文以伊朗喀山坎儿井与我国新疆吐鲁番坎儿井为研究对象,对比二者在称谓、起源方面的不同之处,并重点对二者在寻定母井位置、确定竖井间隔高度及深度和暗渠挖掘定向等方面的不同修筑方法进行了分析,最后重点针对现代机井过度利用地下水资源导致坎儿井濒危的问题展开具体讨论,从水权管理制度等方面进行了论证。

Comparative Study on Qanat in Kazan of Iran and Turpan of Xinjiang

Qanat is an ancient underground water conservancy irrigation project,which is widely distributed around the world and is still a type of living cultural heritage.This paper takes qanat in Kazan of Iran and in Turpan of Xinjiang as the research object,compares their differences in terms of appellation and origin,and focuses on their different construction methods in finding the location of the parent well,determining the interval height and depth of the shaft and the excavation direction of the underground channel.Finally,it focuses on the fact that the modern machine wells make excessive use of groundwater resources to bring qanat to the brink.The problem of endangerment is discussed in details,and the water right management system is demonstrated.