昆明市松花坝水源保护区云南松林植物多样性研究

运用样带法调查了昆明市松花坝水源保护区无干扰及干扰云南松林植物群落。结果表明:无干扰样地植物群落由30科55种组成,灌草层优势种是铁仔(Myrsine africana)和野草莓(Fra-garia vesca);干扰样地由24科44种组成,灌草层优势种是铁仔、火棘(Pyracantha fortuneana)、金丝草(Pogonatherum crinitum)和地果(Ficus tikoua)。无干扰样地云南松高度以Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级为主,平均高度7.27m;干扰样地云南松林高度以Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级为主,平均高度5.03m。两个样地灌木层物种丰富度和ACE指数存在显著差异(p<0.05),Fisherα指数存在极显著差异(p<0.01);草本层仅个体数存在显著差异(p<0.05)。无干扰样地各样带物种组成十分接近,指示物种是沿阶草(Ophiopogon bodinieri)(IndVal=0.875,p=0.001)和碎米花(Rhododendron spiciferum)(IndVal=0.667,p=0.001);而干扰样地各样带物种组成不太相同,指示物种是早熟禾(Poa an-nua)(IndVal=1.000,p=0.001)、金丝草(IndVal=0.958,p=0.001)和火绒草(Leontopodiumsp.)(IndVal=0.861,p=0.001)。研究显示,干扰对云南松林的物种组成产生了明显影响,影响了乔木的高生长,降低了灌木的多样性。

Plant Diversity in Pinus yunnanensis Forest in Songhuaba Water Protection Area

Diversity of plant communities in undisturbed and disturbed Pinus yunnanensis forests in Songhuaba Water Protection Area,Kunming,Yunnan Province,China was examined with the method of transect investigation.55 species in 30 families were found in the undisturbed plot.The major species in shrub-herb layer were Myrsine africana and Fragaria vesca.44 species in 24 families in the disturbed plot,dominated by Myrsine africana,Pyracantha fortuneana,Pogonatherum crinitum and Ficus tikoua.The average height of the trees in the undisturbed plots was 7.27 m,and height Ⅱ to Ⅳ occurred commonly;while tree average height in the disturbed plot was 5.03 m,and trees with height Ⅱwere common.In shrub layer,significant differences were found in values of species richness and ACE between these plots(p<0.05),and very significant differences were found in values of Fisher α index(p<0.01).In herb layer however,significant differences were found only in individual number between these plots(p<0.05).Species compositions among the undisturbed transects were close to each other.Ophiopogon bodinieri(IndVal=0.875,p=0.001) and Rhododendron spiciferum(IndVal=0.667,p=0.001) were indicator species for the undisturbed plot,while species compositions among the disturbed transects were not close to each other,and Poa annua(IndVal=1.000,p=0.001),Pogonatherum crinitum(IndVal=0.958,p=0.001),and Leontopodium sp.(IndVal=0.861,p=0.001) were indicator species for the disturbed plot.It was showed that species compositions of plant community in P.yunnanensis forest had been affected by disturbance,height of trees and diversity of shrub being decreased.