苹果主栽品种的褐斑病和斑点病抗性评价

选取我国69个苹果主要生产品种为实验材料,连续3a对其褐斑病和斑点病抗性进行综合评价、研究。结果表明:69个苹果主要生产品种对褐斑病和斑点病抗病性,不同的品种族系间、及同族系的不同品种间对两种病害的抗性表现出差异极显著。大多数苹果品种对两种病害表现为感病或高感,表现为抗病或中抗的品种少。其中,对褐斑病表现为抗病、中抗、感病和高感的品种分别占4.3%、24.6%、47.8%和23.2%;对斑点病表现为抗病、中抗、感病和高感的品种分别占8.7%、23.2%、43.5%和24.6%。‘秦冠’、‘甜黄魁’、‘印度(Indo)’对两种病害均具有抗性。苹果品种对两种病害的抗性相关性达到极显著水平,说明苹果对两种病害存在共同抗性因子。

Evaluation of Resistance to Marssonina coronaria and Alternaria mali of Major Apple Cultivars

A 3-year study was conducted to evaluate the resistance to Marssonina coronaria and Alternaria mali in the 69 apple cultivars currently cultivating in China to provide the basic data for apple disease resistance breeding and China apple industry.Resistances to both diseases varied and presented most significant differences among 69 cultivars.Most varieties expressed susceptibility or highly susceptibility,and few varieties had resistance to both diseases.Percentages exhibiting resistance,mild resistance,susceptibility and highly susceptibility to M.coronaria were 4.3%,24.6%,47.8%,and 23.2%,respectively;and to A.mali were 8.7%,23.2%,43.5%,and 24.6%,respectively.Among them,’Qinguan’,’Tianhuangkui’ and ’Indo’ presented resistant to both diseases.The correlation coefficient of resistance to both diseases was extremely significant,suggesting that the apples contained the common resistance genetic factors to both diseases.