吉林省粮食结构变动及路径优化研究

在全国农业供给侧结构性改革的大背景下,为研究粮食主产区吉林省的粮食结构变动情况,采用等式分解法,通过对粮食内部结构调整的贡献率测算,深入剖析吉林省粮食结构的演变情况、形成原因及存在问题。研究表明:改革开放后吉林省粮食结构在自然因素、政策因素、经济因素的推动作用下,经历由多种作物共同发展到以玉米为主的生产结构变动过程;粮食作物内部结构调整对总产量贡献率为75.9%;玉米型粮食生产结构引发的问题主要有供给失衡、收益下降、生态破坏等。为此,在吉林省粮食结构路径优化过程中,要因地制宜,对种植区域进行合理划分,适当调减玉米种植面积,扩大杂粮、大豆等作物的种植面积,积极推进粮经饲协调发展和玉米收购市场建设。

Study on grain structure change and route optimization in Jilin Province

In the background of the national agricultural supply side structural reform, in order to study the changes of grain structure in Jilin Province, the paper uses the method of equation decomposition to calculate the contribution rate of grain internal structure adjustment, and deeply analyses the evolution, causes and existing problems of grain structure in Jilin Province. The research shows that after the reform and opening up, Natural factors, policy factors and economic factors jointly promote the grain structure of Jilin Province to undergo a process of change from a variety of crops to a maize dominated production structure. The contribution rate of internal structure adjustment of grain crops to total yield is 75.9%. The main problems caused by the corn-type grain production structure are the imbalance of supply, the decline of income and ecological damage. Therefore, in the process of optimizing the path of grain structure in Jilin Province, we should make rational division of planting areas according to local conditions, reduce the planting area of maize appropriately, expand the planting area of crops such as miscellaneous grains and soybeans, and actively promote the coordinated development of grain and feed and the construction of maize purchasing market.