少花蒺藜草入侵现状、适应机制和防控策略

近年来,少花蒺藜草（Cenchrus pauciflorus）的发生面积逐年增加,给当地农牧业生产带来严重危害。本文综述了少花蒺藜草入侵现状、适应机制和防控策略的相关研究,并展望了该领域未来应着重考虑的科学问题。受农作措施和干扰的影响,不同生境少花蒺藜草的土壤种子库的差异较大。自然状态下,水热条件、种子类型、盐胁迫和干旱胁迫是少花蒺藜种子萌发的限制因素,土壤质地和埋种深度对种子萌发几乎无影响。少花蒺藜草具有较强的表型可塑性,生活周期与降雨期高度吻合和对光能的高效利用使其在较短的时间内完成生活史。生物防控、机械防除和化学药剂防除是少花蒺藜草的主要防控方式,但每种方式适用的生境不同。少花蒺藜草对降水与氮沉降的响应和表型可塑性的调控机理、对胁迫和干扰的响应机制,以及探索不同生境少花蒺藜草的科学防控方法在未来研究应优先考虑。

Invasion Status,Adaptive Mechanism and Control Strategy of Field Sandbur: a Review

In recent years,the invasion areas of field sandbur (Cenchrus pauciflorus) have been steadily expanding,which has brought serious harm to the local agricultural and livestock production. We reviewed the recent progress in the current situation of invasion,adaptative mechanism and control strategy of C. pauciflorus and pointed out future research priorities in this field. The soil seed bank of C. pauciflorus in different habitats vary greatly under the influence of cultivation practices and disturbance. Under natural conditions,hydrothermal conditions,seed types,salt and drought stress were limiting factors for seed germination of C. pauciflorus but soil texture and seed depth had little effect on seed germination. Cenchrus. pauciflorus has a strong phenotypic plasticity,highly consistent life cycle and rainfall period and the efficient utilization of light energy during that period,which make it complete the life history in a shorter time. Biological,mechanical and chemical control are the main control methods for C. pauciflorus,but each method is suitable for different habitats. Future research priorities in this field should be to reveal the response of C. pauciflorus to precipitation and N deposition and the regulation mechanisms of phenotypic plasticity,to explore the response mechanism of disturbance and stress on the invasion and spread of C. pauciflorus,and to find out feasible methods for C. pauciflorus control in different habitats.