不同添加剂对柠条嫩枝叶青贮品质的影响

为探讨不同添加剂及添加量对柠条（Caragana korshinskii）嫩枝叶青贮饲料品质的影响，采用完全随机设计，设对照组（CK）、玉米粉（CM1：10%；CM2：12%；CM3：14%；CM4：16%；CM5：18%）、糖蜜（M1：2%；M2：4%；M3：6%）、纤维素酶（CE1：0.05%；CE2：0.10%；CE3：0.20%）、甲酸（FA1：0.25%；FA2：0.50%；FA3：0.75%）和丙酸（PA1：0.30%；PA2：0.60%；PA3：0.90%），60 d后测定青贮发酵品质和养分含量。结果表明：各添加剂处理组pH值、氨态氮（NH₃-N）、丙酸（PA）和丁酸（BA）含量极显著低于对照（P<0.01）；玉米粉处理组乳酸（LA）含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）；CM3和CE3组LA含量与PA1组之间无显著性差异，但极显著高于其他处理组（P<0.01）。添加剂、添加量及交互作用极显著影响柠条嫩枝叶青贮饲料各营养成分含量（P<0.01）。玉米粉处理组干物质（DM）和粗蛋白（CP）含量极显著高于其他处理组（P<0.01），酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）含量显著低于其他处理组（P<0.05）。不同添加剂可以改善柠条嫩枝叶青贮饲料的品质，其中添加14%玉米粉的青贮效果最佳。

Effects of Different Additives on the Quality of Caragana korshinskii Silage

The effects of different additives and addition amounts on the quality of Caragana korshinskii silage were studied. According to random design, there were 17 treatments including control (CK), corn meal (CM1: 10%; CM2: 12%; CM3: 14%; CM4: 16%; CM5: 18%), molasses (M1: 2%; M2: 4%; M3: 6%), cellulases (CE1: 0.05%; CE2: 0.10%; CE3: 0.20%), formic acid (FA1: 0.25%; FA2: 0.50%; FA3: 0.75%) and propionic acid (PA1: 0.30%; PA2: 0.60%; PA3: 0.90%). The fermentation quality and nutrient contents of treatments were determined after ensiling for 60 days. Results showed that the pH, ammonia-N (NH₃-N), propionic acid (PA) and butyric acid (BA) contents of treatments decreased significantly compared with control (P<0.01). Lactic acid (LA) contents of corn meal were significantly higher than control (P<0.05). The contents of LA had no significant difference between CE3, CM3 and PA1, but significantly higher than control and other treatments (P<0.01). All the nutrient contents of treatments were significantly affected by additives, addition amounts and their interaction (P<0.01). The dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) contents of corn meal were significantly higher than control and other treatments (P<0.01), whereas the contents of acid detergent fiber (ADF) were significantly lower (P<0.05). Additives improved the quality of Caragana korshinskii silage, and 14% corn meal was the best additive.