农药使用次数对油菜植株和籽粒中农药残留量的影响

由于油菜害虫持续暴发,农药施用量、施用次数剧增,油菜籽油安全性问题令人关注。鉴此,对筛选出的2种防治春油菜生长期内主要害虫(小菜蛾、蚜虫、菜青虫等)的低毒、低残留农药阿维菌素、吡虫啉进行农药安全间隔期试验,检测不同农药、不同施用次数在植株、籽粒中的残留量。结果表明:在相同使用次数和使用剂量的情况下,供试的2种农药残留量表现为阿维菌素>吡虫啉。油菜施用吡虫啉后,植株、籽粒中的农药残留均未检出。油菜施用2%阿维菌素后籽粒中的农药残留量随施药次数增加而递增,但没有超过最高残留限量0.05 mg/kg。农药在油菜主要器官中的残留趋势为油菜植株>油菜籽,油菜植株比油菜籽农药残留量高46.15%。在油菜植株中的农药残留量也随施药次数增加而增加。

Effects of the Number of Pesticide Use on Pesticide Residues in Oilseed Rape Plants and Seeds

Following the outbreak of rape pests,pesticide application rate and frequency increase,which raise the security issues of rapeseed oil.Two pesticides,avermectin and imidacloprid were previously selected to control major pests,diamondback moth,aphids,and cabbage worm,etc..The pesticide residues in the plant and grain and pesticide safety interval were further tested for the pesticides with different number of application to provide the basis for safe use of pesticides in green agricultural demonstration zone for rape.Under the same use frequency and dosage for the trial of two pesticides,the residue of abamectin was higher than imidacloprid.In oilseed rape plants and grains after application of imidacloprid,pesticide residues were not detected.After application of 2% abamectin,the pesticide residue in grain increased with the number of application,but did not exceed the maximum pesticide residue limit,0.05 mg/kg.The pesticide residue in plant also increased with the number of pesticide application and it was 46.15% more than pesticide residue in rapeseed.