成都市外来物种及其管理策略

外来种对成都市产生明显的影响，主要集中分布在三环路以内的城市核心区。进入途径有4种，即：人为有意引种；无意间带入；自然扩散；动、植物园逃逸、人造物种的释放。就其特点而言，涉及面广，涉及的生态系统多，涉及的物种类型多，带来的后果有好有坏，稍有不慎，弊大于利。对成都市造成的危害包括：对生物多样性的危害；对土壤结构的危害；打断或改变食物链关系；改变量观；入侵乡土文化；动植物病虫害的引入；危害人类的健康；造成经济损害。针对现状，提出了8点管理对策：1．成立专门的管理办公室，协调多部门管理工作；2．搞好外来种的本底调查，建立现状数据库；3．切断外来种的通道；4．建立完善的外来物种入侵风险监测、评估及快速反应体系；5．人才建设与技术规范；6．法律法规与规章制度的制定；7．实行全民动员，预防为主，综合防治外来物种入侵与危害；8．建立外来种受控试验基地，加强对外来种入侵研究。

Alien Species and their Managerial Measures in Chengdu City

Alien Species have brought about some marked influences in Chengdu City in China,and are mostly centralizedly distributed in the core area within the three-loop road.There are four invasive approaches,namely,intentionally introduced species,unconsciously introduced species,natural diffusive species,escaping from vivarium or artificially releasing species.Its characteristics include wide area,ecosystem multiplicity,and species type multiplicity.The results could be good or bad.If there is the slightest indiscretion,harm will surpass benefit.The harm of alien species includes:damaging biodiversity,damaging soil structure,breaking or altering food chain,altering landscape,invading local culture,transmitting plant diseases and insect pests,damaging human health and leading to economical damage.Contraposing status quo,8 managerial measures are put forward:1.Establishing a special managerial office to harmonize many departments' jobs;2.Making a good job of a background investigation of alien species to establish a database;3.Cutting off alien species channels;4.Establishing perfect inspection and evaluation and fast feedback system of inbreak risk of alien species;5.Training talented pcrsons and formulating technical criterions;6.Constituting laws and rules;7.Carrying out the civil mobilization to give priority to prevention and synthetical prevention,and to control inbreak and harm of alien species;8.Founding a alien species control-experimentation base to strengthen studies of alien species inbreak.