Study on the impact of wastewater irrigation on the quality of oils obtained from olives harvested by hand and from the ground and extracted at different times after the harvesting |
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Authors: | M. Gharsallaoui C. Benincasa M. Ayadi E. Perri M. Khlif S. Gabsi |
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Affiliation: | 1. Olive Tree Institute, BP 1087, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;2. C.R.A. Istituto Sperimentale per l’Olivicoltura, via Li Rocchi 111, 87036 Rende (Cs), Italy;3. National School of Engineering, Gabes, Tunisia |
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Abstract: | Nowadays, lots of efforts are made in Tunisia for the exploitation of wastewater in agriculture in order to face a very elevated mobilization of resources in water (90%). At Sfax, a Governorate placed in the South of Tunisia, the annual rainfall rarely exceeds 200 mm, so the climate is fairly arid. The significant water deficit can be reduced with the reuse of treated wastewater (TWW). The Sfax wastewater originated from the municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) localized at 5 km in the south of Sfax, Tunisia. This WWTP is an aerated lagoon process receiving industrial wastewaters. Its treatment capacity is 24,000 m3/day. Part of TWW is sent to the olive crops of El Hajeb, as part of a proposed wastewater use in agriculture. Already the wastewater is used to irrigate olive trees and intercrops such as cotton, oats and sorghum silage (Charfi et al., 1999). The aim of the present work was to determine the impact of the irrigation utilizing wastewater on the quality of the oil. The oils analysed were extracted from olives hand-picked directly from the tree and from olives that have fallen under the trees. Moreover, a study on the olive storage has been made in order to evaluate in which way the collection of the fruit could influence the quality of the oil. |
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Keywords: | WWTP, wastewater treatment plant TWW, treated wastewater WW, well water ONAS, National Sanitation Office BOD, biochemical oxygen demand COD, chemical oxygen demand SS, suspended solid GI, germination index EC, electrical conductivity WW-Fr, olives picked straight from the tree coming from plot irrigated by WW TWW-Fr, olives picked straight from the tree coming from plot irrigated by TWW WW-Fl, olives fallen under the tree coming from plot irrigated by WW TWW-Fl, olives fallen under the tree coming from plot irrigated by TWW K232, absorption characteristic at 232 nm K270, absorption characteristic at 270 nm PV, peroxide value FAMEs, fatty acid methyl ester |
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