红麻细胞质雄性不育系小孢子败育的细胞学观察

对同质异核的红麻细胞质雄性不育系L23A和K03A的小孢子发生和败育过程进行了细胞学比较观察。结果发现，2个不育系的败育过程有一定的相似性，败育都发生在四分体及单核小孢子时期；单核小孢子外壁发育都出现异常，小孢子原生质收缩变形或解体；花药壁的中层延迟解体，绒毡层出现细胞融合、液泡化、提前脱离药壁进入药室和过早解体等异常行为。但两者败育的过程又有一定差异，单核早中期，L23A的小孢子发育基本正常，而K03A的小孢子外壁发育不良，壁薄且质脆、易破损，刺稀少细小；L23A的小孢子外壁在单核后期解体成为念珠状，而K03A的小孢子外壁在发育过程中破损、逐渐溶解；小孢子外壁解体过程中，L23A的小孢子原生质收缩为核质不分的一团，而K03A的小孢子原生质逐渐解体。

A Cytological Study on Microsporogenesis of Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Lines in Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)

Kenaf is a fast growing annual plant that is harvested for its bast fibers.Heterosis in kenaf is remarkable and has been a research hotspot in the world.Zhou Ruiyang discovered a cytoplasmic male sterile mutant from a wild species UG93 in 2001 and first bred a cytoplasmic male sterile line of kenaf(UG93 CMS line) from it in 2004,which was highly resistant to anthracnose.To investigate the mechanism of microspore's abortion of UG93 CMS lines in kenaf,a comparative study was conducted on microsporogenesis of two UG93 CMS lines named L23A and K03A with optical microscope.The observation showed that there were some similarities in the microspore's abortive process between them: 1) Microspore's abortion occurred at tetrad stage and mononuclear stage.2) Extine of microspore disaggregated at mononuclear stage,with the protoplasm shrank or dissolved,and anthers became sterility.3) The degeneration of middle layer was delayed,and more abnormality were found in tapetum,such as being vacuolated,cells fusion,hypertrophy and being broken away from the middle layer prematurely,etc.However,different abortive characters could be summarized as follows: 1) At the early and middle mononuclear stage,microspores of L23A developed well,but poorly developed extine which was thin and fragile,and smaller spinules of microspore were found in K03A.2) Extine of microspore granulated quickly at late mononuclear stage in L23A,but it broken and dissolved gradually in K03A.3) During the disaggregation of extine,the protoplasm of microspore shrank in L23A,with undistinguishable nuclear and cytoplasm,but it dissolved in K03A.It is suggested that the microspore's abortive process between L23A and K03A is different and the abortion is related to abnormal behavior and no-function of tapetum.