福建红壤和砖红壤性红壤粘粒矿物的研究

玄武岩和橄榄玄武岩上发育的土壤粘粒部分的7矿物以埃洛石为主,高岭石居次,且结晶不良。花岗闪长岩和紫色凝灰岩上发育的土壤粘粒中高岭石含量较低,结晶度也较低。其余土壤粘粒部分的高岭石含量均较高,结晶度也较高。部分剖面中有14过渡矿物。三水铝石仅出现于少数剖面中。伊利石最大量地出现于紫色凝灰岩上发育的土壤中,在其它几个母质中含较多云母的土壤中,也含有少量伊利石。橄榄玄武岩发育的土壤粘粒中含氧化铁矿物最多,以赤铁矿为主。玄武岩上发育的土壤粘粒中也含有较多的氧化铁矿物,赤铁矿和针铁矿兼而有之。第四纪红土和花岗闪长岩上发育的土壤粘粒中也有一定量的氧化铁矿物。

CLAY MINERALOGY OF RED SOILS AND LATERITIC RED SOILS IN FUJIAN

Clay mineralogy of ten profiles derived from the different combinations of soil-forming factors was studied. Kaolinite, including halloysite, was found as a predominant clay mineral among all the soils. The soils derived from basalt and olivine basalt contained more halloysite than very poorly crystalline kaolinite. Kaolinite content in soils developed from granodiorite and purple tuff was lowest among all the soils, and the crystallinity was poor. More kaolinite with better crystallinity was present in other soils. Pedogenic chlorite appeared in several profiles and gibbsite only in fewer ones. The soil developed from purple tuff contained the largest amount of illite, whereas several other soils developed from mica-rich parent materials contained smaller amount of illite. The soils derived from olivine basalt and basalt were rich in iron oxides, the first of which dominated in hematite while the second in both hematite and goethite. Iron oxides also apparently appared in the soils developed from Quaternary red clay and granodiorite. Both the appearence and magnitude were influnced by parent materials and all the soil-forming factors.