仕望河流域水土保持措施的减水减沙效益研究

黄河河口镇至龙门区间是黄河流域的主要产沙区，该区间河道全长725.1 km，落差607.3 m，比降0.084%，流域面积11.2万km²。而仕望河流域地处黄土丘陵沟壑区与高原沟壑区的过渡地带，是黄河中游吴堡—龙门段西岸的1条1级支流。本文旨在通过对仕望河流域的水沙变化的综合分析探讨而为黄河的综合治理提供一个切实可靠的依据。本文根据1970—1989年水文站的实测资料，分析了该流域的水沙来源和降雨产流产沙关系，并结合2006—2010年的实测资料，对比分析了不同时期该流域降雨、产流、产沙的变化情况。采用水文法分析计算了该流域水土保持、水利措施的减水减沙效益。通过实测资料分析计算，认为仕望河流域水量变化采用双累计曲线法分析结果比较合理，基本反映了降雨和产流产沙的内在联系。对比影响流域产流产沙的自然因素（降雨）和人为因素（水土保持措施），仕望河流域水土保持措施减水减沙量在总减水减沙量的占比呈逐年增加的趋势，而降雨因素的的影响在逐步递减。近30 a来国家越来越重视水土保持工作，黄土高原地区的水土保持治理工程陆续的实施对流域产流产沙的减少有显著的影响。

Research on Soil and Water Conservation Achievements of Benefits of Runoff & Sedimentation Reduction of the Shiwang River

The predominate 11.2 km² sedimentation area of the Yellow River lies between Hekou and Longmen, where the river runs through 725.1 km in length, with a drop of 607.3 m and a water surface slope of 0.084%. The Shiwang River is one of the first level tributaries of the Yellow River west to the area from Wubu to Longmen, with a drainage area located at the transition zone of the loess hilly gully region and the plateau gully region. This paper has provided a solid basis for the comprehensive control of the Yellow River through deep analysis and discussion on the variation of the runoff and sediment of Shiwang River Basin. This paper has analyzed the water and sediment sources and their relation with the rainfall based on the data from 1970 to 1989, and compared the changes in the amount of rainfall, runoff and sediment during different periods based on the data from 2006 to 2010. The results from the hydrology method have shown the beneficial results of runoff and sediment reduction from soil and water conservation. The double cumulative curve method has been proved reasonable for the water variation analysis of the Shiwang River Basin, which has indicated the relations among rainfall, runoff and sediment. The ratio of runoff and sediment reduction benefits from soil and water conservation measures to the reduction overall has increased year by year, comparied to the ratio of benefits from the rainfall factor. In the recent 30 years, soil and water conservation has been taken more and more seriously by the government. Conservation works carried out on the Loess Plateau Region have the significant influences on runoff and sediment reduction of this drainage area.