水稻低碳生产研究进展

 稻田是甲烷(methane,CH4)和氧化亚氮(nitrous oxide,N2O)的重要发生源。稻田中CH4和N2O的产生、消耗以及传输过程受稻田土壤类型、水分条件、肥料种类、施肥量及方法、耕作模式和制度、水稻品种等多种因素影响。CH4和N2O具有不同的排放特性，很多研究结果表明，水稻生长期间的中期排水烤田、后期干湿交替能显著降低CH4排放量，但同时也可能促进N2O的排放，因此，如何同时减少CH4和N2O的排放量是实现稻田低碳生产的关键要素；另一方面，稻田土壤的碳固定也是使稻田系统从源转变成汇的关键技术。从水稻生产过程中CH4排放、N2O排放、稻田土壤有机碳动态、减排措施四个方面综述了近年来水稻低碳生产相关研究状况，重点总结了国内外有关影响稻田CH4和N2O排放的关键影响因素、增加稻田土壤有机质含量的主要措施以及各种减排措施的全球增温潜势评价研究，并对水稻低碳生产研究作了展望。

Progress in Research on Low carbon Rice Production Technology

China is the most important rice producing country in the world and rice production process is one of the important emission sources of methane and nitrous oxide. The production, consumption, and transport of methane and nitrous oxide in rice field are influenced by many factors, such as soil type, water regime, fertilizer, fertilizer application rate, cultivation system and rice variety. There is a trade off relationship between methane and nitrous oxide emissions in rice field due to water regime change. Although methane emission would be decreased under midseason drainage and moist intermittent irrigation conditions, the emission of nitrous oxide would be enhanced. Therefore, simultaneous minimization of methane and nitrous oxide emission from rice field is a very important technology for low carbon rice production. In addition, soil carbon sequestration in rice field is another key technology for changing rice field from greenhouse gas emission source to sink. This review summarized the progress in research on emission of methane and nitrous oxide from rice field, change of soil organic carbon, mitigation of greenhouse gas emission. The effect of key factors on methane and nitrous oxide emissions from rice field, major methods of increasing soil organic matter and evaluation of mitigation options using global warming potential were emphasized and the further studies of low carbon rice production were discussed.