水、肥和芸苔素内酯对油茶叶片养分、种仁出油率和开花量的影响

油茶（Camellia oleifera Abel）是世界四大木本油料树种之一，本试验选择油茶优良无性系长林166品系为研究对象，采用五因素五水平，二次正交旋转试验设计，1/2实施，共36个处理，研究水、 氮、 磷、 钾和芸苔素内酯（brassinolides,简称 BRs）及其耦合作用对油茶叶片氮、 磷、 钾含量、 开花数量及种仁出油率的影响，以期为油茶速生丰产栽培提供科学依据。结果表明: 1）在5个试验因子中，对油茶叶片氮、 磷、 钾含量、 开花数量及种仁出油率的影响，均以喷施BRs的处理最大，灌水量次之，而施肥量的影响最小； 2）各处理对油茶叶片含氮量和开花数量的影响可较好地运用二次多项式方程进行曲线拟合，且试验重复性较好，各处理对油茶叶片钾、 磷含量及种仁出油率的影响，运用二次多项式方程拟合较差，但由于试验重复性较好，故在实际应用中仍具有一定的借鉴价值； 3）5个因素单独作用时，油茶叶片含氮量和含钾量均随其用量的增加呈先降低后升高的变化趋势，叶片含磷量则随用量的增加呈先增加后降低的变化趋势，但对种仁出油率和开花数量的影响没有表现出明显的规律性。

9Effect of water, nutrient and brassinolides on number of blossom, leaf nutrition and seed oil content of Camellia oleifera

 In order to provide a scientific basis for fast growing of Camellia oleifera, effects of water, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and brassinolides ( BRs) and their coupling on the leaf NPK contents, flowering and seed kernel oil rate of Camellia (Camellia oleifera Abel) were studied by the five factors and five levels, two orthogonal rotation experimental design and 1/2 implementation. There were 36 treatments. The results show that in the five test factors, BRs is more sensitive to leaf NPK contents, flowering and seed kernel oil rate of Camellia oleifera, followed by the amount of water. BRs and water are the key factors for Camellia oleifera growth, and fertilizer (NPK) relatively little sensitivity to different growth indexes. The leaf N content and flower amount are good fitting into quadratic polynomial equations, and the reproducibility is good. The leaf potassium and phosphorus contents and seed kernel oil yield of Camellia oleifera by using quadratic polynomial equations are poor, and the experiment still has some reference value for good reproducibility. The trends of leaf nitrogen and potassium contents of Camellia oleifera are first decreased and then increased. The trend of leaf phosphorus content is first increased and  then decreased with the use one of water, N, P, K and BRs. There is no apparent regularity in the seed kernel oil rate and the flowering.