铝胁迫下植物根尖细胞壁组成物质变化抑制根伸长的生理机制研究

根伸长受抑制是植物受铝毒害的主要症状，铝诱导的细胞壁组成物质的变化是其主要原因。本文主要对铝胁迫下植物根尖细胞壁组成物质如木质素、 胼胝质、 纤维素、 半纤维素、 果胶、 细胞壁多糖蛋白及相关代谢酶类在铝胁迫下的变化对根伸长的影响及生理机理的研究进展进行了综述，明确了铝胁迫诱导的植物根尖细胞壁组成物质含量、 比例及结构的变化导致细胞壁刚性降低，从而抑制细胞伸长，最终抑制根伸长。本文还指出，鉴于缺乏对同一植物甚至同一个种类的植物根尖细胞壁各主要组成物质铝胁迫下变化的系统研究，不能对造成该植物根伸长受抑制的原因做出全面合理的解释，所以今后应侧重于铝胁迫下各细胞壁组分变化在抑制根伸长中的贡献率的研究，尤其要针对主要粮食作物进行系统研究，以有效解决铝胁迫造成的产质量降低。

Physiological mechanisms of root elongation inhibition induced by changes of root cell wall components under aluminum stress

This article summarized the research progresses upon cell wall component changes and physiological view of root elongation under aluminum stress. Inhibition of root elongation is the prominent symptom of aluminum toxicity. Previous studies demonstrated that changes of cell wall chemical components induced by Al are the dominating reason. We explicate that Al-induced changes of cell wall components (e.g., lignin, callose, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and glycoprotein) and relative metabolic enzymes trigger the decrease of cell wall elasticity, thus inhibit cell elongation, which eventually results in the inhibition of root elongation. Finally, due to the lack of systematic study on individual plant, comprehensive and rational explanations on Al-induced inhibition cannot be achieved. We suggest to focus on the contribution of individual cell wall component on Al-induced root inhibition. In order to tackle the Al-induced problems of production and quality on staple food crops, a systematic studies need to be implemented.