河北省不同建筑类型羊舍环境参数的检测与分析

试验选择3种建筑类型羊舍(有窗封闭舍、半开放舍和棚舍),对羊舍温度、二氧化碳(CO2)、氨气(NH3)、风速和光照进行定点定时检测,分析冬夏季节河北省不同建筑类型的羊舍环境,为标准化羊舍的建设提供依据。结果表明,冬季不同类型羊舍的温度表现为显著性差异(P<0.05),有窗舍最高,棚舍最低(早-4.13℃),有窗舍均温分别比棚舍和半开放舍高4.26和2.95℃,夏季不同舍温度未表现出显著性差异(P>0.05),早、午和晚分别达25.12、32.48和29.71℃,热应激明显;从有害气体结果可以看出,羊舍CO2含量分别为411.0~995.2 mg/m^3(夏)和402.9~2336.8 mg/m^3(冬),两季CO2日均含量有窗舍均最高,棚舍最低,不同舍CO2日均含量差异显著(P<0.01),有窗舍冬季早上含量高达2336.8 mg/m^3,已超国标。另外,所有羊舍未检测出NH 3。从风速结果可以看出,两季风速分别为0.06~0.36 m/s(夏)和0.03~0.26 m/s(冬),两季有窗舍的风速均显著低于其他两类舍(P<0.01)。从光照强度来看,棚舍光照强度显著高于其他两类舍(P<0.01),均符合国标。可见,冬季有窗羊舍虽然温度较高,但空气质量差,CO2含量超标,应加强通风换气,兼顾保温;夏季不管哪种类型舍,均应隔热降温以缓解热应激。

Detection and Analysis on Environmental Parameters in Different Styles of Sheep Sheds in Hebei Province

The environmental parameters in different styles of sheep sheds were investigated to provide a basis for standardized shed design in Hebei province.Three styles of sheep sheds(closed shed,semi-open shed and open shed)were used to detect ambient temperature,carbon dioxide(CO2),ammonia(NH3),wind speed and light,by the method of fixed point and fixed time.The results showed that there was a difference(P<0.05)in temperature among all styles of sheds in winter,and the temperature was the highest in closed shed,and the lowest in open shed.The average temperature in closed shed was 4.26 and 2.95℃higher than that in open shed and semi-open shed in winter,respectively.The temperature in summer demonstrated no difference(P>0.05)among three styles of sheds,with 25.12℃in the morning,32.48℃at noon and 29.71℃in the evening,which suggested an obvious heat stress from sheep.For harmful gas,the indoor CO2 concentration in summer and winter were 411.0~995.2 and 402.9~2336.8 mg/m^3,respectively.The average daily CO2 concentration in the two seasons was the highest in closed shed,and the lowest in open shed,and the difference(P<0.01)was observed among sheds.The concentration in the morning in closed shed was 2336.8 mg/m 3,which has exceeded national standard.In addition,no NH3 was detected in all sheds.The results for wind speed suggested that the indoor wind speed in the summer and winter were 0.06~0.36 and 0.03~0.26 m/s,respectively.The wind speed in both seasons was lower in closed shed than that in other sheds(P<0.01).In terms of light intensity,the light in open shed was higher(P<0.01)than other sheds,and the light in all sheds was in line with national standard.In summary,ambient temperature in closed shed was higher in winter compared with other sheds,however,the air quality was poor because of high concentration of CO2;thus indoor ventilation in closed shed should be strengthened,so is heat preservation.Despite shed styles,heat insulation and cooling should be conducted to relieve heat stress of sheep in summer.