春小麦与玉米、向日葵间作套种对土壤水分的影响

在河套灌区以春小麦、玉米、向日葵单作为对照,测定并分析了春小麦/玉米、春小麦/向日葵间作套种作物生长季0—120cm土层土壤水分及作物产量。结果表明,春小麦/玉米、春小麦/向日葵间作套种生长季的土壤水分蒸散强度为双峰曲线,春小麦、玉米、向日葵单作为单峰曲线。春小麦/玉米、春小麦/向日葵间作套种的土壤水分蒸散量高于春小麦、玉米、向日葵单作。春小麦/玉米、春小麦/向日葵间作套种提高了作物产量,提高了土地当量比,但降低了作物生长期、作物生长季及灌溉水的水分利用效率和水分当量比。建议河套灌区减少间作套种面积,或间作套种时在不同作物之间修建土埂隔挡,根据不同作物对水分的需求分别灌溉。

Effects of Spring Wheat/Maize, Spring Wheat/Sunflower Intercropping on Soil Moisture

Compared with spring wheat, maize and sunflower sole cropping, soil moisture in 0-120 cm soil depth of spring wheat/maize and spring wheat/sunflower intercropping during annual crop growth periods and crops yields were determined in Hetao irrigation district, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The results showed that the seasonal changes of soil moisture evapotranspiration intensity of spring wheat/maize, spring wheat/sunflower intercropping were bimodal curve, while spring wheat, maize and sunflower sole cropping were unimodal curve, and the soil moisture evapotranspiration amounts of intercropping patterns were higher than sole cropping patterns. The crop yields and land equivalent ratio of intercropping patterns were higher than sole cropping patterns, but intercropping patterns reduced soil water use efficiency and water equivalence ratio, reduced irrigation use efficiency and irrigation water equivalence ratio in crop growth periods and annual crop growth periods. In order to improve soil water use efficiency, the intercropping area should be reduced, or intercropping crops should be segregated with a bank, and crops should be irrigated respectively according to the different water requirement.