新疆地区牧户对退牧还草政策的认知程度及其影响因素调查分析

[目的]选取新疆自治区布克赛尔县为研究的样本区,对该区牧户退牧还草政策进行调查分析,以期为该地区草原生态环境与社会经济的协调发展提供科学依据。[方法]通过问卷调查的方式对样本区150户牧民参与退牧还草工程的情况进行调查,并采用最优尺度分析法对问卷数据进行建模分析。[结果]牧户的文化程度、家庭收入水平、从退牧还草政策中的获利程度和对草场退化的认知程度对牧户参与退牧还草政策的积极性存在显著正向影响;而牧户的年龄、家庭人口规模对牧户参与退牧还草的积极性存在显著负向影响。[结论]在退牧还草政策影响下,文化程度和家庭收入水平高的、从政策中获益多的牧民更愿意调整生产结构、转变生产方式;牧户参与退牧还草积极性的高低主要取决于参与退牧还草能否能获利和是否有能力承担转变后的风险。

A Survey on Policy of Transforming Grazing Lands to Pastures and Its Influential Factors Interviewed with Herdsmen in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

[Objective] A survey was conducted by interviewing with the herdsmen in the Hoboksar County of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The policy of "transforming grazing lands to grasslands" was discussed to shed light on how to harmonize the development of social economy with the conservation of grasslands.[Methods] 150 herdsmen were interviewed by filling out the questionnaires focused on their participation in the policy of "transforming grazing lands to grasslands", and after that, the questionnaire data was analyzed through optimal scaling method.[Results] Herdsmen's cultural standard, their household income level, profits obtained from the policy and their cognition of grassland degradation had significant positive influence on herdsmen's acceptance of the policy. However, herdsmen's age and their family population size had significant negative impact on the acceptance of the policy.[Conclusion] Herdsmen who have high educational level and high household income, and also those who think they can benefit from the policy, have willingness to adjust their production structure, to adjust their production methods. Herdmen' enthusiasm for the policy mainly depends on whether they can benefit from the implementation of the policy and whether they can prevent the potential risk when the production methods were changed.