戈壁荒漠区风电及光伏发电工程水土流失特征的对比分析

以河西走廊18个典型风电工程和光电工程为对象,对风电场和光电工程不同防治分区的影响范围和程度进行了对比,系统分析了工程建设过程中的水土流失特征。研究结论表明,风电场工程各防治分区扰动地表面积比例从大到小依次为:道路区(63.33%) >风机区(21.85%) >集电线路区(10.47%) >施工营地区(2.93%) >监控中心区(1.42%),光电工程各防治分区扰动地表面积比例从大到小依次为:光电池板布置区(68.72%) >道路区(27.17%) >其他防治区(1.77%) >管理区(1.18%) >施工营地区(1.15%);风电场工程各防治分区挖方量比例从大到小依次为:风机区(77.38%) >道路区(13.76%) >集电线路区(6.39%) >监控中心区(2.16%) >施工营地区(0.32%),光电工程各防治分区挖方量比例从大到小依次为:光电池板布置区(65.09%) >道路区(30.45%) >管理区(1.82%) >施工营地区(1.48%) >其他防治区(1.15%)。风电工程和光电工程的道路区和风机区(光电池板布置区)是施工扰动最大的区域,这些区域的基础开挖、搬运和填筑等土建工程也是产生水土流失的重点环节。戈壁荒漠区风电工程和光电工程的水土流失影响指数分别为0.314和0.419,以单位产能计算,光电工程的水土流失影响指数显著高于风电工程。

Characteristics of Soil and Water Loss in Wind Power and Photovoltaic Power Generation Projects Construction in Gobi Desert Area

Eighteen typical wind power generation projects and photovoltaic power generation projects in Hexi Corridor were taken as the object. We comparatively studied the influence range and degree of different partitions under prevented and controlled, and systemly analyzed the characteristics of soil and water loss in process under construction. The conclusions are as follows:the proportion of disturbed surface area in all partitions under prevented and controlled was in the order of:road area(63.33%) >fan zone(21.85%, photoelectic cell board area) >integrated circuit area(10.47%) >construction camp area(2.93%) >monitoring center area(1.42%), photoelectic cell board area(68.72%) >road area(27.17%) >othet area(1.77%) >management area(1.18%) >construction camp area(1.15%); the proportion of excavated amount in all partitions under prevented and controlled was in the order of:fan zone(77.38%) >road area(13.76%) >integrated circuit area(6.39%) >monitoring center area(2.16%) >construction camp area(0.32%), photoelectic cell board area(65.09%) >road area(30.45%) >anagement area(1.82%) >construction camp area(1.48%) >other area(1.15%); so the road area and the fan zone were the most serious zone of disturbed engineering construction and those zones were also the key link of soil and water loss in the building projects of footing excavation, transport, and filling. The value of water and soil loss impact index in wind power generation projects and photovoltaic power generation projects construction of the Gobi desert were 0.314 and 0.419, with unit capacity calculation, the value of soil and water loss impact index of photovoltaic power generation projects was significantly higher than that of wind power generation projects.