塔里木河下游生态输水对植被恢复和沙漠化逆转的影响

针对近50 a来人类不合理的资源开发,导致塔里木河下游地区沙漠化程度加剧等一系列生态环境问题,结合实地考察和野外调查资料以及遥感影像数据,运用植被覆盖度、沙漠化动态度模型分析法,对塔里木河下游生态输水前后植被和沙漠化状况进行了分析。研究结果表明,生态输水后,植被覆盖度增大,植物种数明显增加;胡杨冠幅增大;裸地、沙地面积减少;非沙漠化和轻度沙漠化土地面积不断扩大,而重度沙漠化面积有减小趋势。生态输水对塔里木河下游植被恢复和沙漠化逆转起到了明显的作用。

Effects of Ecological Water Transport on Vegetaion Restoration and Desertification Reversion at Lower Reaches of Tarim River

In the recent 50 years, many environmental problems appeared at the lower reaches of Tarim River, such as desertification developed, due to unreasonable exploitation of resource. Based on the spot investigation and field survey data and remote sensing image, using vegetation coverage model and desertification dynamic model, the vegetation and desertification status before and after ecological water transport at the lower reaches of Tarim River were analyzed. The results show that the vegetation coverage and species increased obviously after eco-water transport; The crown of Populus euphratica increased; The proportion of bare land and sandy area was declining; Meanwhile, the non-desertification and light desertification area kept expanding. The severely desertification area showed a decreasing trend. The eco-water transport had obvious effect on the vegetation restoration and desertification reversion.