稻麦轮作条件下菌渣还田对土壤剖面养分分布的影响

目的]揭示菌渣还田提升耕地土壤质量的机理,以期为种植业固体废弃物的资源化利用提供理论依据。方法]以成都平原稻麦轮作区为研究对象,进行为期1a的田间小区试验。共设置常规化肥(CF)、等氮量还田(T_1)、1.5倍氮量还田(T2)、2倍氮量还田(T3)和2.5倍氮量还田(T_4)5个处理;分别在水稻种植期和小麦种植期采集0—15cm,15—30cm,30—50cm土层土样,对土壤样品的全量养分进行测定。结果](1)化肥施用或菌渣还田后,0—15cm土层养分含量显著高于15—50cm土层(p0.05);(2)不同处理下土壤养分的变化与常规施肥(CF)相比,在水稻季土壤中,T_4处理下的土壤含有较高的全氮和全钾养分含量水平,T2,T3和T4能有效提高全磷养分含量;在小麦季土壤中,T4能有效提高土壤全氮、全磷含量,全钾在不同菌渣处理条件下的含量与常规施肥相比差异不显著(p0.05);(3)T_1、T_2、T_3和T_4处理下的土壤养分含量均大致呈现出随着还田量的增加而增加的变化趋势。结论]高量菌渣还田能有效提高土壤全氮、全钾、全磷养分含量,中量菌渣还田能有效提高全磷含量。

Effects of Fungus Waste Recycling on Soil Profile Nutrient Distribution Under a Rice-Wheat Rotation

Objective] Soil quality improvement by recycling of fungus waste was researched to provide theoretical basis for the utilization of solid wastes produced by farming.Methods] Field experiments were carried out in a rice-wheat rotation field in the Chengdu plain for one year. Of which five levels were designed including regular fertilizer(CF), 50% fungus waste recycling(T₁), 100% fungus waste recycling(T₂), 150% fungus waste recycling(T₃) and 200% fungus waste recycling(T₄). Soil samples from 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, 30-50 cm soil layers were collected and soil nutrients were measured.Results] (1) Either for fungus waste or regular fertilizer, full amount nutrients in 0-15 cm soil layer were significantly greater than that in 15-30 cm(p<0.05);(2) As compared with the regular fertilizer of no fungus recycling(CF), the rice field experiment showed that TK and TN contents were improved in level T₄; TP content was improved in the levels of T₂, T₃ and T₄. The wheat field showed that, TN content and TP content were increased under T₄ level; Levels of T₁, T₂, T₃, T₄ had higher but not significant TK content in contrast with the values of regular fertilizer(p<0.05);(3) Soil nutrients content increased as the fungus waste recycling levels increased(T₁, T₂, T₃, T₄).Conclusion] Contents of TN, TP and TK can be improved when high level of fungus is recycled as fertilizer; TP content can be increased when medium level of fungus is recycled.