The use of trees,shrubs and herbs in livestock production by communal farmers in northern KwaZulu-Natal,South Africa

A survey of the use of trees, shrubs and herbs for livestock production was conducted through questionnaires among 90 farmers in the communal areas of northern KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. The areas surveyed were located at Mtubatuba, Hluhluwe, Kwadlangezwa and Jozini. All the farmers questioned were found to own some form of livestock, mostly the Nguni breed. The commonly perceived sources of constraints on livestock production were external and internal parasites. The well known plants reported to be consumed by the animals were Vitellariopsis arginata and Rhus gueinzii. Most of the farmers (27.7%) used Cissus quadrangularis and Gnidia kraussiana for treating worm infestations and coughs in livestock. Plants used for increasing milk production were Crinum macowanii and Sarcostemma viminale. The well known plant species detrimental to livestock was Moraea spathulata, which causes diarrhoea and death.