农业害虫高温调控的研究进展

利用高温控制害虫具有无残留、无污染的优点,高温对害虫的致死作用在害虫种群生态调控研究和保证食品安全,促进绿色农产品生产中有潜在的应用价值。本文综述了国内外影响高温对昆虫致死效应的因子和应用高温防治害虫的技术方法。影响高温致死效率的因子包括:温度的高低和处理时间的长短,不同温度的处理顺序和预适应温度等温度处理模式,缺氧等逆境胁迫,昆虫种类及其发育阶段等。利用高温防治害虫的技术包括:温室内,在生长期采用高温闷棚,在播前产后用热蒸汽处理苗床或培养土。在田间,利用对作物安全的瞬间明火烧伤害虫敏感部位;利用害虫的趋光性点明火诱杀;作物生产空闲期采取覆膜封闭,利用太阳能产生高温、缺氧条件,减少或根除土传病菌和害虫。在仓库,利用微波、无线射频或流动床产生的热空气在短时间内升温,杀死储粮害虫。在储运场所,用热水浸泡、热蒸汽熏蒸、高温结合低氧或低温以及盐水浴结合无线射频处理鲜活农产品,杀死害虫。本文最后讨论了该领域存在的问题,指出阐明高温对昆虫影响的机理,降低防治成本,减轻作物和环境损害,是高温控制害虫技术推广应用的关键。

Review of research and application in agricultural pest management with extreme high temperature

Lethally extreme high temperature is used as an important potential method in integrated pest management and green food production since it is residue-free and environmental-friendly.We summarized the main factors that influenced the lethal effect of extreme high temperature on insect pests.These factors include the temperature highness and exposure time,time pattern of high temperatures,temperature acclimation,oxygen insufficiency,environmental stresses,various insect species and different developmental stages.We reviewed the recent progress in controlling agricultural pests by using extreme high temperatures.Heating air/steam can be used to control pests in air-tight greenhouse before seeding,in plant growing period or in post-harvest.Pest populations in field crops can be depressed by burning vulnerable parts of insect pests on plant leaves and stems with secure short-time flaming fire or by killing subterranean pests with soil solarization.Stored pests can be controlled by heating stored products with radio frequency,microwave or fluidized bed heating.Pests lived in dried fruits and fresh products can be killed with hot water and heating steam,and high temperature treatment associated with controlled atmosphere,low temperature storage or saline water immersion with radio frequency can shorten the processing time.We discussed the problems needed to be solved.It is essential to reveal the effect mechanism of high temperature on insects.Reducing the economic costs,crop injury and environmental contamination are crucial issues in the spread and application of extreme high temperatures in agricultural pest management.