Natural Regeneration Processes in Big Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Research Associate, Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA;2. Professor, Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA;3. Research Ecologist, US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA;1. Associate Professor/Natural Resources Specialist, University of Nevada Cooperative Extension, Elko, NV 89801, USA.;2. Professor/Extension Educator, University of Nevada Cooperative Extension, Winnemucca, NV 89445, USA.;3. Associate Professor, College of Agriculture, Biology, and Natural Resources, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89512, USA.;1. Senior Research Associate Professor, Oregon State University, Union, OR 97883, USA;2. Professor, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA;3. Professor, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;4. Research Ecologist, US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Reno, NV 89512, USA;5. Professor, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;10. Professor Emeritus, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;6. Research Ecologist, US Geological Survey, Lafayette, LA 70506, USA;7. Postdoctorate Research Scientist, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Burns, OR 97720, USA;8. Professor, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA;15. Associate Professor, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA;9. Research Ecologist, US Geological Survey, Boise, ID 83702, USA;11. Senior Ecologist, Bureau of Land Management, Boise, ID 83709, USA;12. Research Hydrologist, ARS, Boise, ID 83712, USA;18. Hydrologist, ARS, Boise, ID 83712, USA;13. Research Ecologist, US Geological Survey, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA;14. Research Physical Scientist, ARS, Tifton, GA 31793, USA;16. Professor, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA;17. Research Ecologist Emeritus, US Forest Service, Reno, NV 89512, USA;1. Research Geneticist, US Department of Agriculture (USDA)−Forest Service (FS), Rocky Mountain Research Station, Boise, ID 83702, USA;2. Associate Professor, Department of Natural Resources Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;3. Research Botanist (Emeritus), USDA-FS, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Boise, ID 83702, USA;5. Assistant Professor, Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA;6. Great Basin Ecologist, Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Nevada State Office, Boise, ID 83712, USA;7. Professor, Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA;8. Associate Research Professor, Department of Statistics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA |
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| Abstract: | Big sagebrush, Artemisia tridentata Nuttall (Asteraceae), is the dominant plant species of large portions of semiarid western North America. However, much of historical big sagebrush vegetation has been removed or modified. Thus, regeneration is recognized as an important component for land management. Limited knowledge about key regeneration processes, however, represents an obstacle to identifying successful management practices and to gaining greater insight into the consequences of increasing disturbance frequency and global change. Therefore, our objective is to synthesize knowledge about natural big sagebrush regeneration. We identified and characterized the controls of big sagebrush seed production, germination, and establishment. The largest knowledge gaps and associated research needs include quiescence and dormancy of embryos and seedlings; variation in seed production and germination percentages; wet-thermal time model of germination; responses to frost events (including freezing/thawing of soils), CO2 concentration, and nutrients in combination with water availability; suitability of microsite vs. site conditions; competitive ability as well as seedling growth responses; and differences among subspecies and ecoregions. Potential impacts of climate change on big sagebrush regeneration could include that temperature increases may not have a large direct influence on regeneration due to the broad temperature optimum for regeneration, whereas indirect effects could include selection for populations with less stringent seed dormancy. Drier conditions will have direct negative effects on germination and seedling survival and could also lead to lighter seeds, which lowers germination success further. The short seed dispersal distance of big sagebrush may limit its tracking of suitable climate; whereas, the low competitive ability of big sagebrush seedlings may limit successful competition with species that track climate. An improved understanding of the ecology of big sagebrush regeneration should benefit resource management activities and increase the ability of land managers to anticipate global change impacts. |
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