有机肥替代化肥对棉花生长发育和产量的影响

【目的】研究不同有机肥替代化肥对棉花生长发育和产量的影响。【方法】以陇棉3号为试材,采用田间随机区组排列试验,研究有机肥与化肥不同配施比例对棉花生育期、营养器官和生殖器官干重、叶面积指数、花铃期光合速率、产量及其构成的影响。【结果】不同有机肥替代化肥延长了棉花生育期2～6 d,且用生物有机肥替代40%化肥的情况延长生育期的时间最长。各处理的叶面积指数从苗期到花铃期上升,花铃期升至最大,随后在吐絮期下降。在花铃期和吐絮期,6个处理中T5处理的叶面积指数最大。施用有机肥对棉花花铃期的光合速率无显著影响。普通有机肥和生物有机肥替代化肥能够获得与常规施肥相应的产量。而生物有机肥替代40%化肥显著增加了绒长、籽棉产量和皮棉产量。【结论】棉花生产过程中可以用生物有机肥来替代化肥,达到减用化肥、增产增效的效果。

Effects of Organic Manure Replacing Chemical Fertilizer on Cotton Growth,Development and Yield

【Objective】 To explore the effects of different organic manures replacing chemical fertilizer on cotton growth, development and yield.【Method】 Longmian No. 3 was taken as testing material, and the experiment was conducted by using the random array of field to evaluate the effects of the different ratios of organic manure and chemical fertilizer on cotton growth period, vegetative organs and reproductive organs dry weight, leaf area index, photosynthetic rate of flowering and fruiting stage, yield and its composition.【Result】 Replacing of chemical fertilizers with different organic manures prolonged the growth period of cotton for 2-6 days. And the use of bio-organic manure to replace 40% of chemical fertilizer had the longest period of prolonging the growth period. The leaf area index of each treatment increased from the seedling stage to the flowering and fruiting period, and rose to the maximum during the flowering and fruiting period, and then decreased during the boll opening period. In the flowering and boll opening period, the leaf area index of T5 treatment was the largest in the six treatments. The application of organic manure had no significant effect on the photosynthetic rate of the flowering and fruiting period. The yield of conventional fertilizer can be obtained by replacing fertilizer with common organic manure and biological fertilizer. The replacement of 40% chemical fertilizer by bio-organic manure significantly increased cashmere length, seed cotton yield and lint yield.【Conclusion】 In the process of cotton production, bio-organic manure can be used to replace some chemical fertilizers to achieve the effect of reducing fertilizer, increasing production and efficiency.