不同燕麦品种生育期农艺性状、生产性能及品质的比较

【目的】 研究10个不同燕麦品种生育期农艺性状、生产性能和营养品质,筛选出适合当地种植的品种。【方法】 选择燕麦品种是青引1号、林纳、丹麦440、加燕2号、巴燕3号、魅力、燕王、美达、贝勒2代、爱沃,于2018年4月28日播种,观测各品种抽穗期、乳熟期和成熟期的农艺性状,测定每个品种营养指标。【结果】 早熟品种生育期在78～83 d,早、中熟品种在88 d左右,中熟品种在88～92 d,晚熟品种在91～103 d。株高随着燕麦生长逐渐增加,贝勒2代株高最高,并在成熟期达到最高128.26 cm。抽穗期加燕2号生长速度显著高于其品种(P<0.05)。乳熟期干草产量最高,其中爱沃干草显著高于其它燕麦品种(P<0.05),乳熟期产量为10.68 t/hm²。在营养品质方面,粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维随着燕麦生长呈减少趋势,粗脂肪随着燕麦生长呈增加趋势。各营养指标变化范围,粗蛋白8.75%～15.88%,粗脂肪1.98%～5.25%,中性洗涤纤维41.84%～59.45%,酸性洗涤纤20.35%～39.42%。爱沃粗蛋白含量最高,林纳、燕王和贝勒2代粗脂肪含量最高。魅力中性洗涤纤维含量最高,爱沃和贝勒2代中性洗涤纤维较低。巴燕3号和美达酸性洗涤纤维含量最高贝勒2代。【结论】 通过隶属函数综合评价,晚熟品种推荐爱沃、贝勒2代,早、中熟品种推荐加燕2号,最佳刈割时间为乳熟期。

Comparative Study on Production Performance of 10 Oat Varieties

【Objective】 By observing the agronomic traits, production performance and nutritional quality of 10 oat varieties at different growth stages, the varieties suitable for local cultivation were selected. 【Method】 The following varieties were selected for experiments: Qingyin 1, Denmark 440, Monida, Jiayan 2, Bayan 3, Charisma, Forage plus, Lena, Baler 2, Everleaf. They were sown on April 28, 2018, and the agronomic traits at heading stage, milking stage and maturity stage were observed, and the nutritional indexes of each variety were measured at the same time. 【Result】 The growth period of early-maturing varieties was 78-83 days, the early-maturing and mid-maturing varieties were 88 days, the middle-maturing varieties were 88-92 days and the late-maturing varieties were 91-103 days. The plant height increased with the growth of oats. The plant height of Baylor 2 was the highest and at the maturity period it reached 128.26 cm. The growth rate of Jiayan 2 at heading stage was significantly higher than that of other varieties (P< 0.05). The yield of hay in milky stage was the highest, and Ivo hay was significantly higher than other oat varieties (P< 0.05), and the yield in milky stage was 10.68 t/hm². In terms of nutritional quality, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber decreased with the growth of oats, while crude fat increased with the growth of oats. The nutrient indexes of crude protein was between 8.75% and 15.88%, and the crude fat was 1.98%-5.25%, the neutral fiber was 41.84%-59.45%, the acid detergent fiber was 20.35%-39.42%. Everleaf had the highest crude protein content, Lena, Forage plus and Baler 2 had the highest crude fat content. Charisma neutral detergent fibers had the highest content, while Everleaf and Baler 2 neutral detergent fibers had the lowest content. Bayan 3 and Monida acid detergent fibers had the higher content than that of Baylor 2 generation. 【Conclusion】 According to the comprehensive evaluation of membership function, the late-maturing cultivars to be recommended were Everleaf and Baler 2, the early and middle-maturing cultivars to be recommended were Jiayan 2, and the best cutting time was at the milky stage.