新疆南疆不同棉花品种的生长特征及其品质分析

【目的】测定不同品种的生育期、生物量、冠层结构、产量及纤维品质等指标,分析其各自的特征差异,筛选出适宜于新疆南疆地区种植的优良棉花品种。为新疆南疆机采棉高产优质栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以6个棉花品种为试验材料,于2016~2018年度在新疆南疆阿拉尔地区设置品种比较试验。【结果】年际与品种对棉花熟性、地上部干物质、光辐射截获率、叶面积指数均存在影响,但品种作用更大。在机采棉种植模式下,鲁棉研36号和中棉所57号早熟,中棉所75号、中棉所88号和中杂7号中熟,中棉所60号晚熟。6个棉花品种相比,中棉所88号生育期适中,叶面积指数和光截获率均最高,干物质积累量最大,其增幅较最低的鲁棉研36号分别达到31.48%~36.59%、25.52%~28.02%,22.85%~29.97%,籽棉和皮棉产量均最高,分别达到6 470.87和2 612.65 kg/hm²,;产量构成因子中,中棉所88号棉铃数高且空间分布更合理,衣分和铃重显著提高,有利于增产;纤维品质指标中,中棉所88号上半部平均度、整齐度数和断裂比强度均最高,3年中均值分别达到30.21 mm、85.12%、30.48 cN/tex,马克隆值和断裂伸长率均最低,纤维品质综合表现较好。【结论】中棉所88号是较为适合南疆种植的棉花品种。

The Growth Characteristics and Quality Analysis of Different Cotton Varieties in Southern Xinjiang

【Objective】 To analyze the yield and fiber quality of different varieties, the differences of their characteristics by measuring the growth period, biomass, canopy structure, in the hope of selecting the fine cotton varieties suitable for planting in southern Xinjiang.【Method】 Six cotton varieties were used as experimental materials to set up a variety comparison test in the southern Xinjiang Aral area from 2016 to 2018.【Result】 The results showed that the interannual and varieties had more effect on cotton ripening, aboveground dry matter, optical radiation interception rate, and leaf area index, but the variety effect was found to be more significant. Under the machine picking cotton planting mode, among the six varieties, Lumianyan 36 and precocious Zhongmiansuo 57, Zhongmiansuo 75, Zhongmiansuo 88 and medium - ripe Zhongza 7 and late-mature Zhongmiansuo 60, the leaf area index and light interception rate of Zhongmiansuo 88 were the highest, and the accumulation of dry matter was the largest, so its moderate growth period was suitable for planting in this area. Among them, the lowest increase was found in Lumianyan 36, whose above indexes reached 31.48%-36.59%, 25.52%-28.02% and 22.85%-29.97%, respectively, but the yield of seed cotton and lint were the highest, reaching 6,470.87 kg/hm² and 2,612.65 kg/hm², respectively. Among the factors of yield composition, the number of cotton bolls in Zhongmiansuo 88 was high, and the spatial distribution was more reasonable, and the boll weight was significantly increased, which was conducive to increasing production. Among the fiber quality indexes, the average, tidiness and fracture ratio of the upper half of Zhongmiansuo 88 were the highest. In three years, the average value reached 30.21 mm, 85.12% and 30.48 cN/Tex, respectively and its Micronaire value and fracture elongation were the lowest, and the fiber quality performance was better.【Conclusion】 Overall, Zhongmiansuo 88 is the most suitable cotton variety for planting in southern Xinjiang, and this study provides a theoretical basis for high yield and high quality cultivation of cotton in southern Xinjiang.