施氮量对设施滴灌番茄生长发育及品质和产量的影响

【目的】研究施氮量对设施滴灌番茄生长发育及品质和产量等的影响,为设施滴灌番茄的氮肥管理提供理论依据。【方法】以 天马54号为试验材料,设N0(不施氮肥)、N1(150 kg/hm²)、N2(300 kg/hm²)、N3(450 kg/hm²)、N4(600 kg/hm²)、N5(750 kg/hm²)共6个处理,研究设施滴灌番茄的氮肥的运行规律及最佳氮肥使用量。【结果】干物质累积量随施氮量的增大而增加,干物质最大增长速率出现天为45.8~52.7 d。叶面积指数在定植后40~80 d,各处理差异显著,在定植后60 d最大,表现为先增加后降低的抛物线趋势。净光合速率和SPAD值随施氮量增加表现为升高后降低的趋势,胞CO₂浓度随氮肥的增加而下降。产量、氮肥利用率和氮肥产量贡献率N4(600 kg/hm²)处理最大,分别为9.35~10.26 t/667m²、42.61%~43.56%、33.89%~29.92%。【结论】 5个氮肥处理下N4(600 kg/hm²)处理效果最佳。

Effects of Nitrogen Application Amounts on Growth,Quality and Yield of Tomato under Facility Drip Irrigation

【Objective】 To clarify the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer treatments on growth, quality and yield of greenhouse tomatoes. 【Method】 The tomato variety Tianma 54 was used as the testing material and six nitrogen levels treatments were set: N0 (no nitrogen fertilizer), N1 (150 kg/hm²), N2(300 kg/hm²), N3(450 kg/hm²), N4(600 kg/hm²), and N5(750 kg/hm²). The purpose of this study was to find out the operating rule of nitrogen fertilizer in drip-tube tomato and the optimal amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in drip-tube tomato, and to provide theoretical basis for nitrogen management of drip-irrigation tomato.【Result】 The results showed that the accumulation of dry matter increased with the increase of nitrogen application in the two experimental years, and the maximum growth rate of dry matter appeared in 45.8-52.7 d. Leaf area index (LAI) varied significantly from 40 days to 80 days after planting, and reached its maximum at 60 days after planting, showing a parabolic trend of increasing first and then decreasing. Net photosynthetic rate (NPR) and SPAD value decreased with the increase of nitrogen application, while cell CO₂ concentration decreased with the increase of nitrogen application. The yield, nitrogen use efficiency and contribution rate of nitrogen fertilizer yield in N4 treatment were 9.35-10.26 t/667m², 42.61%-43.56%, and 33.89%-29.92%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 In this study, all the indexes considered, N4 (600 kg/hm²) treatment was the best one among the five nitrogen fertilizer treatments.