4JSM-2000型棉秆粉碎与残膜回收联合作业机的设计与试验

为提高新疆秋后棉地残膜回收机械化水平,解决传统残膜回收机械普遍存在的残膜回收率低、含杂率高、残膜易缠绕和作业效率低等问题,该文研制了一种可一次完成棉秆粉碎还田、残膜回收、残膜与棉秆及土等杂物分离作业的秋后棉秆粉碎还田与残膜回收联合作业机。该机使用锤片式粉碎装置和螺旋搅龙输送装置,作业时起膜齿将残膜揭起后堆积在起膜齿末端处;偏心滚筒式拾膜机构将残膜拾起并运送至卸膜机构,捡拾滚筒壁上的卸膜槽与卸膜叶片协调配合完成卸膜作业,卸膜叶片通过卸膜辊的高速旋转产生离心风力,使落入蜗壳壳体内的残膜沿风道进入残膜回收箱,完成残膜回收。田间试验结果表明,该机在作业速度为6.0 km/h时,作业效率为1.15 hm2/h、棉秆粉碎合格率为90.1%、残膜回收率84.4%、膜秆分离率87.3%,棉秆粉碎还田和膜秆分离效果较好。该机各项参数满足农艺要求,研究结果有利于解决棉田残膜污染问题。

Design and experiment of 4JSM-2000 type combined operation machine for cotton stalk chopping and residual plastic film collecting

In order to improve the mechanization of the domestic equipment for recycling agricultural plastic film in cotton field of Xinjiang, and solve the common problems existing in traditional plastic film recovery machine including low recovery rate of plastic film, high impurity content of recovered plastic film, difficult to separate stalk and soil from plastic film, plastic film easy to wrap cotton stalk and film collecting parts, and low efficiency, the 4JSM-2000 type cotton stalk chopping and plastic film collecting machine was designed, which was aimed at the plastic film of width is 2050mm. The designed mainly consisted of suspension device, cotton stalk chopping device, stalk conveying device, loosening film device, film collecting device, film removing device, transmission system, plastic film box, and so on. It could realize cotton stalk chopper returning, plastic film recycling, and soil and straw separation from plastic film with one operation. The machine combined the hammer type stalk chopping device and spiral convey device. The separation effect was good. When the machine operated, the plastic film was lifted from the field by loosening film tooth, and piled up on the end of loosening film tooth. The film collecting device picked up plastic film and delivered it to the film-unloading entrance. The plastic film was unloaded by the cooperation of unloading impeller and film-unloading groove on the cylinder. Strong centrifugal wind produced by high speed rotation of the film unloading roller blew the plastic film in volute into the residual film box. The working parameters of loosening film tooth were determined through the orthogonal test. The penetrating angle, operation depth, and operation speed were taken as 3 factors, and a three-factor and three-level orthogonal test was conducted. In the test, the penetrating angle was 30°, operation depth was 40 mm, operation speed was 6 km/h were the optimal combination. The film collecting device mainly included eccentric shaft, cylinder, retractable finger frame, and so on. The device had high film collecting rate. Through the force analysis, the rotation speed of cylinder should need greater than 97 r/min, if the rotation speed of cylinder was too fast, the retractable finger would broken plastic film, increased the difficulty of recycling, and comprehensive consideration the rotation speed of cylinder was 110 r/min The film uploading device mainly included shaft, uploading film roller, uploading film impeller, volute, and wind increasing hole, and so on. The film unloading device was designed based on the force analysis and experiment, the working speed of film uploading rotation shaft was greater than 1000 r/min. Results of field experiment demonstrated that when the traction speed of tractor was 6.0 km/h, the operating efficiency was 1.15 hm2/h, the qualified rate of cotton straw chopping was 90.1%, when the cutter shaft speed was 2100 r/min, the recovery rate of agricultural plastic film was 84.4%, and the separation ratio of cotton straw and plastic film was 87.3%. The parameters of the machine meet the agricultural requirements. The research results may be helpful for solving the problem of plastic film pollution in cotton field.