气送式高速玉米精量排种器设计与试验

为满足在高速条件下玉米精量播种的要求,从工作原理出发,设计一种可从根本上解决因高速作业带来的充种性能不佳、清种结构复杂等问题的高速精量排种器,其利用高速作业产生的离心力进行充种与清种,将现行的种子堆积依靠重力充种的形式改成气送充种,对排种盘、型孔插件、护种板结构形状进行了理论分析和参数设计,采用文丘里管进行有序气吹送种,型孔插件与护种板相配合充种与携种,护种板宽度变化清种。分别对排种器工作速度、种子喂入速度、气送风压进行单因素试验,以合格指数、漏播指数、重播指数为试验指标,得出各因素对排种性能的影响,其中此工作原理下增加排种器工作速度不但不会增加漏充指数,反而降低并基本保持不变。为得到排种器的最佳性能参数,进行正交旋转组合试验并构建各因素与指标间的关系式。采用响应曲面法对试验结果进行目标优化,并通过台架试验进行验证:得到工作速度为9 km/h,种子喂入量为1.91 kg/min,气送风压为492.17 Pa时,排种合格指、漏播指数、重播指数分别为93.14%,1.00%,5.86%,经台架试验验证,优化结果可靠。试验结果表明此种气送式高速玉米精量排种器很好的解决了在高速作业下充种难,清种复杂的问题,在高速工作条件下能保持良好的排种性能。

Design and experiment of air-assisted high speed precision maize seed metering device

In order to meet the requirements of maize precision seeding under high-speed conditions, from the working principle, we designed a high-speed precision seed metering device that could fundamentally solve the problems of poor filling performance and complex structure caused by high-speed operation. The device used the centrifugal force generated by high-speed operation to fill and clean seeds, and traditional seed stacking was changed into a gas-filled seed by means of gravity filling. Theoretical analysis and parameter design were carried out on the shape of seed tray, hole insert and seed plate. Seed supply mechanism was used for seed supply, and venturi tube was used for orderly gas blowing, and plug of type hole was matched with seed plate to fill and carry seeds, and changed width of the seed plate to clean seeds, and gravity of seeds and driving force of airflow were used for seeding. Single factor test was carried out on working speed of seed meter device, seed feeding speed and wind pressure. The qualified index, missing index and multiple index were used as test indicators to obtain the influence of various factors on seeding performance. The principle and structure of seed metering device was different from conventional seed metering device. In the case of increasing working speed of seed metering device, it did not increase missing index, but decreased and basically went to zero. When wind pressure was 130 Pa and seed feeding speed was 1 kg/min, the seeding performance was best when working speed was 9.8 km/h. When wind pressure was 130 Pa and working speed was 14.4 km/h, the seeding performance was best when seed feeding speed was 1.2 kg/min. When seed feeding speed was 1.5 kg/min and working speed was 14.3 km/h, the seeding performance was best when wind pressure was 465 Pa. In order to obtain the best performance parameter combination of seed metering device, the ternary quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination test was carried out with above factors and test indexes, and the mathematical model between test index and test factor was established, and working principle and structure were obtained. Working speed had no significant effect on missing index for this metering device. The multi-objective optimization of the regression equation was carried out by using the response surface method. The optimal parameter range was: working speed was 9 km/h, seed feeding speed was 1.91 kg/min, and wind pressure was 492.17 Pa. Qualified index was 93.14%, missing index was 1%, and multiple index was 5.86%. It was verified by experiments and basically consistent with optimization results. It can be seen that working principle and structure of metering device had a low missing index, and missing index was not increased due to increase of working speed. It showed that this air-assisted high-speed maize precision seed metering device solved the problem of difficult to fill in high-speed operation, and its seed cleaning structure was simple, and could maintain good seeding performance under high-speed working conditions. It provided a reference for design and optimization of high-speed precision metering devices.