云南玉溪柑桔园土壤养分状况与分布特征

在云南省玉溪市华宁南盘江低热河谷区、华宁山地丘陵区、元江干热河谷区和新平山地丘陵区4个柑桔主产区,选取一个月内未施肥的101个代表性柑桔园采集土壤进行分析。结果表明,玉溪柑桔园土壤pH值变幅在3.98～8.07之间,52.48%土壤pH基本适宜柑桔生长,14.85%土壤pH适宜柑桔生长；土壤有机质匮乏,59.40%土壤低于15g/kg；土壤碱解N,有效P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、B的平均含量分别为78.64 mg/kg、53.95mg/kg、273.15 mg/kg、3240.37mg/kg、233.39 mg/kg、23.21 mg/kg、43.82 mg/kg、5.67mg/kg、2.89mg/kg、0.50mg/kg。总体上,土壤碱解N和有效B含量不足(低量或缺乏),不足比例分别为78.22%和66.34%；有效K、Ca、Mn和Cu含量超标(高量或过量)居多,超标比例分别为64.36%、51.48%、56.44%和83.17%；有效P、Fe、Zn含量丰富(适宜、高量或过量)为主,丰富比例分别为67.31%、75.24%和88.12%；有效Mg不足、适宜和超标果园则各占约1/3。桔园土壤养分状况的区域特征方面,华宁优于新平,新平优于元江。土壤pH与土壤有效Ca、Mg的正相关性极显著,与有效Mn、Cu的负相关性极显著,土壤有机质与土壤大部分养分正相关且达到显著水平。玉溪柑桔生产上应注意调节土壤pH值,增施有机肥和N、B肥,适度少施K、P肥,注意Ca、Mn和Cu肥的控制。

Soil Nutrient Status and Distribution Characteristics of Yuxi Citrus Orchards in Yunnan

Test and analysis of soil samples collected from 101 representative citrus orchards in the citrus main producing areas of the Nanpanjiang low-heat valley area, the Huaning mountainous hilly area, the Yuanjiang dry-hot valley area and the Xinping mountainous hilly area in Huaning, Yuxi City, Yunnan Province. The results showed that, for citrus growth, the range of pH value of orchard soils was pH 3.98 ~8.07. There were 52.48% soil samples with suitable or appropriate pH value for citrus growth, but only14.85% soil samples had soil pH value range suitable for citrus growth. The soil organic matter content was deficient, 59.40% soil samples were in insufficient range. The average contents of soil N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B were 78.64 mg/kg, 53.95 mg/kg, 273.15 mg/kg, 3240.37 mg/kg, 233.39 mg/kg, 23.21 mg/kg, 43.82 mg/kg, 5.67 mg/kg, 2.89 mg/kg and 0.50 mg/kg, respectively. As a whole, the deficiency (scarcity and low range) rates of available N and B were 78.22% and 66.34, respectively. The excess (high and excessive range) rates of available K, Ca, Mn and Cu were 64.36%, 51.48%, 56.44% and 83.17%, respectively. Meanwhile 67.31%, 75.24% and 88.12% of samples were rich (suitable, high and excessive range) in available P, Fe and Zn contents, respectively. The deficiency, suitable and excess rates of available Mg both were around 1/3. In terms of the regional characteristics of the soil nutrient status, huining is superior to xinping and xinping is superior to yuanjiang. There was a very significant positive correlation between soil pH value and available Ca and Mg contents, and a significant negative correlation between soil pH value and available Mn and Cu contents. Soil organic matter was positively correlated with most soil nutrients and reached a significant level. In citrus orchard management practice, attention should be paid to adjusting soil pH value and application N and B fertilizers or organic fertilizer, moderately reducing K and P fertilizer, and paying attention to the control of Ca, Mn and Cu fertilizer.