尼泊尔社区林业发展历史和现状探析

尼泊尔社区森林管理属于世界领先水平。文中介绍尼泊尔社区林业的起源和发展经历的4个阶段; 阐述尼泊尔社区林业的运行体系, 重点是林业部门、森林使用者联合会、森林使用者小组的角色; 分析尼泊尔社区林业在提高森林质量和产出、帮助社区群众增收、促进REDD+机制和PSE机制发展、提高妇女等弱势群体参与性等方面取得的成效; 探讨森林使用小组在内部治理、利益分配和运行成本等方面存在的问题以及面临的挑战; 总结尼泊尔社区林业的特点, 并提出对于林业发展模式选择的启示。

Historical Development and Present Situation of Community Forestry in Nepal

Nepal is ranked top in the Community Forestry (CF) management. This paper firstly introduced the origin and four developmental processes of the CF in Nepal, and then elaborated the operational system of CF, mainly focusing on the roles of forestry authorities, forest user group cooperatives and forest user groups in the CF. The achievements of the CF was discussed in terms of improvement of forest quality and output, enhancement of member income, promotion of REDD+ mechanism and PSE mechanism, and increased participation of women and other weakened groups. The paper also discussed the problems, such as weak interior governance, unequal profit distribution and high operational cost, and relevant challenges facing the CF. Finally, the characteristics of the CF in Nepal were concluded, and its enlightenment on the options of forestry development models was also proposed.