沼液和沼渣及化肥配施对土壤肥力的影响

2014 年5—10 月，通过在海林农场玉米试验田设置沼液和沼渣及化肥配施的田间试验，从玉米试验田土壤的物理性状和化学性状的变化来研究沼肥配施对土壤肥力的影响。结果表明：在土壤物理性状方面，配施沼肥能够降低土壤容重，但对土壤的总孔隙度、饱和含水量和田间持水量作用不明显，30000 kg/hm2沼液和30000 kg/hm2沼渣的配施模式对土壤物理性质的改善作用较大。配施沼肥能有效防止土壤酸化，同时土壤有机质含量可以提高21.02%~31.74%。单施沼液以及沼液与沼渣和化肥配施能够提高土壤中全氮、全磷、碱解氮和速效磷的含量，但对于全钾和速效钾增幅很小或呈负增长。沼液单施以及沼液与沼渣和化肥配施，在一定程度上能够改善土壤的肥力，可以考虑合理的配施沼液来代替化肥，实现对沼液的高效资源化利用。

Effects of Combined Application of Biogas Slurry, Biogas Residue and Chemical Fertilizer on Soil Fertility

The effect of combined application of biogas slurry, biogas residue and chemical fertilizer was conducted in a maize field in Hailin farm from May to October of 2014, and the changes of soil physical and chemical properties were measured. The results showed that the combined application of biogas manure could reduce soil bulk density, but the effect on soil total porosity, saturated water content and field capacity was not obvious. The combined application of 30000 kg/hm2 biogas slurry and 30000 kg/hm2 biogas residue had the best effect on soil physical properties. The combined application of biogas manure could effectively prevent soil acidification, and increased soil organic matter by 21.02% to 31.74%. The application of biogas slurry and the combined application of biogas slurry, biogas residue and chemical fertilizer could increase the content of the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil, but the increase of the total potassium and available potassium was not obvious or showed a negative growth. The application of biogas slurry and the combined application of biogas slurry, biogas residue and chemical fertilizer could improve soil fertility in a certain degree, the reasonable application of biogas slurry could be considered as a substitute for chemical fertilizer, thus to achieve the high efficient utilization of biogas slurry.