Pharmacokinetics of intravenous ketorolac in cats undergoing gonadectomy |
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Authors: | R Villa G Ravasio C Ferraresi A Zonca S Carli L Borghi |
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Institution: | 1. Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute, la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy;2. Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy |
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Abstract: | AIM: To determine the pharmacokinetics of ketorolac tromethamine (0.5?mg/kg) when administered I/V to cats undergoing gonadectomy.METHODS: Ketorolac was administered to nine female and three male shorthair domestic cats as an I/V bolus of 0.5?mg/kg after intubation, and 20 minutes prior to ovariectomy or orchiectomy. Intra-operative cardiorespiratory variables were monitored and blood samples were collected over 24 hours. Concentrations of ketorolac in serum were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography to establish pharmacokinetic parameters.RESULTS: During surgery, mean end tidal isoflurane concentration was 1.63 (SD 0.24)% and normocapnia and spontaneous ventilation were maintained in all animals. The kinetics of ketorolac was described by a two-compartment model. The distribution and elimination half-lives were 0.09 (SD 0.06) and 4.14 (SD 1.18) hours, respectively. The body clearance was 56.8 (SD 33.1) mL/h/kg. The volume of distribution at steady-state and the mean residence time were 323.9 (SD 115.7) mL/kg and 6.47 (SD 2.86) hours, respectively.CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: On the basis of the results, concentrations of ketorolac in serum in cats were above the human effective concentrations for 5–6 hours postoperatively. However, other studies including a control group are advocated to further investigate the ketorolac kinetics and the analgesic efficacy in this species. |
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Keywords: | Ketorolac NSAID pharmacokinetics cat gonadectomy |
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