喀斯特石漠化区多维贫困空间测度与格局分析

辨识和分析喀斯特石漠化区多维贫困空间及其分布格局，有助于理解特定区域的贫困原因与形成机制。该研究以石漠化现象突出的广西壮族自治区为例，各县市为评价单元，通过探索和构建人（贫困主体）-自然-经济-社会四维一体的贫困空间三角锥体结构及其评价体系，利用贫困综合指数模型、Moran'I指数和热点分析等方法，测算和分析2015年广西农村多维综合贫困程度、空间分布特征及关联格局，探讨区域贫困类型与减贫对策。研究表明：1）广西自然地理、人口地理、经济地理、社会地理4个维度上的贫困值和多维综合贫困值均以中度贫困以上为主。各维度贫困空间分布地域差异性明显，其多维综合贫困呈现东南部地区贫困程度较低、西部和北部喀斯特区则相对较高的分布特征；2）多维综合贫困空间关联格局呈现明显的集聚效应，高高集聚主要集中在喀斯特石漠化区，其次是桂西南喀斯特丘陵山区的靖西县和桂北喀斯特峰丛洼地的融水县，低低集聚区则主要是南宁市和桂林市区。3）基于各评价单元不同维度贫困值的贡献程度及其差异性，将广西各县市划分为单因素主导型、双因素驱动型、多因素综合型和无主导因素型4个大类，并对喀斯特石漠化深度贫困区提出相应的乡村发展与减贫措施。

Identification and spatial pattern of multidimensional poverty measurement in karst rocky desertification regions

Abstract: Karst rocky desertification regions have become one of the most complex areas with fragile ecological environments and multidimensional poverty. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, an area rich in karst landforms, is border areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, indicating an important constituent area of karst rocky desertification contiguous destitute areas in southwest China. In 2012, Guangxi had more than 5 million poor rural people and 18% of poverty rate. Taking Guangxi as a case study, the identification to explore rural multidimensional poverty process and spatial pattern were contribute to understanding the causes of poverty in specific areas, providing a theoretical basis for anti-poverty and rural development in this karst region. Therefore, this study aims to construct a four-dimensional framework for the geospatial pattern of multidimensional poverty and its index system at county scale under the specific conditions of Guangxi, China. A typical evaluation model of multidimensional poverty consisted of 4 evaluation levels and 22 specific indicators, where five levels of spatial poverty degree were classified: Low, slight, medium, high, and severe. The spatial autocorrelation and hot-spot analysis were used to analyze the multidimensional poverty degree and spatial differentiation pattern of each county, particularly on the type division of rural poverty and strategies of poverty reduction. The results showed that: There was a high level in the multidimensional poverty, involving natural, population, economic and social geographic respects in Guangxi, particularly above the medium level with the percentages of 62.76%, 57.45%, 62.77%, and 60.64%, respectively. In space, there was obviously regional distribution pattern of multidimensional poverty and the relatively large difference of each county. The high and severe level multidimensional poverty in countries were mainly located in the karst areas of western and northern Guangxi, while, the low and slight level in the metropolitan area and southeastern Guangxi. Besides, there was a significant spatial gathering effect in the spatial pattern of multidimensional poverty, where 3 high and 2 low value agglomeration areas, particularly with a significant positive correlation. The high value center areas (HH-type areas) of agglomeration were mainly distributed in the karst rocky desertification area, Jingxi county in the karst hills of southwest Guangxi, and Rongshui county in the karst peak-cluster depression of northern Guangxi, whereas, the low value center areas (LL-type areas) were mainly concentrated on the metropolitan areas, such as Nanning city. Moreover, 94 counties in Guangxi can be classified into four major types and 15 sub-categories, according to the different types of poverty, including the single-factor dominant type, double-factors driving type, multi-factors comprehensive type, non-dominant type. 70.4% of poverty- stricken counties were in the multi-factor comprehensive type. This finding can provide potential strategies and suggestions in the different poverty-stricken counties for the poverty reduction and sustainable rural development.