鼠疫F1和V保护性抗原免疫学研究进展

鼠疫是一种烈性人兽共患传染病,曾经导致历史上10多亿人死亡,目前在世界各地还均有流行。抗生素治疗一般对腺鼠疫有效,但难以治疗肺鼠疫,经常有抗生素治疗仍死亡的情况发生。灭活疫苗对肺鼠疫无效,减毒活疫苗存在毒力返强的安全隐患。F1和V亚单位疫苗在动物模型中对腺鼠疫和肺鼠疫均有效,已经用减毒沙门菌系统通过口服和鼻腔途径传递系统进行免疫研究。文章综述了鼠疫亚单位疫苗和减毒活载体疫苗抗原免疫学研究进展。

Advancement in Immunolgy of Plague Protective Antigens F1 and V

Yersinia pestis is the etiological agent of bubonic and pneumonic plague.The diseases caused(over) 200 milllion human death in the past.Plague still occurs throughout the world today.Antibiotic treatment of bubonic plague is usually effective,but pneumonic plague is difficult to be treated and even with antibiotic therapy death often occurs.A killed whole cell plague vaccine were used in the past,but recent studies in animals showed that this vaccine offers poor protection against pneumonic disease.A live attenuated vaccine is also available.Whilst this vaccine is effective,it retains some virulence and in most countries it is not considered to be suitable for use in humans.We reviewd works to develop improved sub-unit and live attenuated vaccines against plague.A sub-unit vaccine based on the F1 and V antigens is highly effective against both bubonic and pneumonic plague when tested in animal models of disease.This vaccine has been used to explore the utility of different intranasal and oral delivery systems,based on the Salmonella vector of sub-unit vaccine.