小麦籽粒主要蛋白质相关品质性状的遗传分析

目的]为小麦品质育种提供理论基础。方法]用3个不育系和5个常规品种(系)按不完全双列杂交方式组配28个杂交组合,利用QGAstation数量遗传分析软件对与蛋白质相关的小麦籽粒品质性状的遗传效应及其与环境互作进行了综合分析。结果]蛋白质含量、峰值时间及和面图右斜率显性效应大于加性效应,硬度、沉淀值以加性效应为主。蛋白质含量、沉淀值、峰值时间、右斜率、硬度的基因效应与环境互作方差对表型方差的贡献率分别为36.8%、26.0%、13.32%、21.6%、8.9%。蛋白质含量的遗传主效应较易受环境的影响,硬度的遗传主效应较稳定。结论]选用一般配合力高且性状间一般配合力互补、特殊配合力大的双亲杂交,获得品质性状良好的强优势组合的机率较大;蛋白质含量与硬度可以在早代选择中同时得到改良;通过杂种优势利用,可以同时对蛋白质的质与量以及硬度进行改良。

Genetic Analysis of the Grain Quality Traits Related to Main Protein in Wheat

Objective] The aim of the research was to provide the theoretical foundation for the quality breeding of wheat.Method] Twenty-eight crossbreed combinations were obtained through incomplete diallel cross mode by using three sterile lines and five common varieties(lines).The genetic effect of wheat quality traits related protein and its interaction with the environment were comprehensively analyzed by using QGAstation quantitative genetic analysis software.Result] The dominance effect of protein content,peak time and right slope of surface diagram were greater than the additive effect.The main effect of hardness and sedimentation value was the additive effect.The contribution rates of the interactive variance of the gene effect of protein content,sedimentation value,peak time,right slope and hardness with the environment on the phenotypic variance were 36.8%,26.0%,13.32%,21.6% and 8.9% resp.The genetic main effects of protein content were easily affected by the environment and that of the hardness was more stable.Conclusion] When the parents with high general combining ability,complementary general combining ability and greater specific combining ability were crossbred,the probability of obtaining strong superiority crosses with good quality traits was greater.The protein content and hardness could be improved simultaneously during the early generation choice.The protein content,protein quality and hardness could be improved through utilizing the heterosis.