德国植物新品种保护制度实施框架、特点及启示

具有60多年历史的德国植物新品种保护制度促进了德国种子产业的发展。在德国植物新品种保护制度的法律框架下, 德国联邦品种局、联邦育种者协会、种子托管公司等机构在农作物新品种测试与授权, 育种者研发资金资助及知识产权要素投入, 监督许可证和打击种子黑市, 以及收取自留种子费用中发挥了重要作用。受农作物品种、育种者, 以及市场环境因素的影响, 德国育种者权利实施方式多样。文中分析了德国植物新品种保护制度的实施框架和特点, 提出了德国育种者权利实现的经验及启示, 以期促进我国植物新品种保护制度的有效实施。

New Plant Variety Protection System in Germany:Implementation Framework, Characteristics and Implication

The German New Plant Variety Protection system has promoted its agricultural seeds industry since the 1940s. Under the German legislative framework of the new plant variety protection system,the federal agency of the BAS(Bundessortenamt),the non-government organizations of the BDP(Bundesverband Deutscher Pflanzenzüchter e.V.)and the STV(Saatgut-Treuhandverwaltungs GmbH)which stands for the interests of German breeders have played very important roles in new plant variety testing and accreditation,funding for the development and research activities by plant breeders,intellectual property inputs,supervising plant breeders' right licensing,regulating black seeds market and collecting harvested seeds licensing fees. There are many different models for German plant breeders to practice their rights, which are affected by plant varieties,plant breeders,market conditions,etc.The paper analyzed the implementation framework and characteristics of German new plant variety protection system,and proposed to learn the experiences and implications of German plant breeders' right practicing,with the expectation to promote the effective implementation of China's new plant variety protection system.